26.Andrew Roth, “Two Muslim Officials Attacked In Southern Russia,” New York Times, July 19, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/world/europe/two-muslim-officials-attacked-in-tatarstan-russia.html?_r=0.
27.Lyudmila Alexandrova, “Tatarstan’s Mufti And His Deputy Paid A Price For Their Anti-Wahhabi Efforts,” Itar-TASS, July 20, 2012, http://pda.itar-tass.com/en/c39/477517.html.
28.Ranis Islamov, “Ufa Zamedlennogo Deistviya [Ufa in Slow Motion],” Russkiy Reportyor(Moscow), July 26, 2010, http://www.rusrep.ru/2010/28/baskiriya/.
29.See, for example, “Alleged Islamic Extremists Detained in Bashkortostan,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, February 8, 2011, http://www.rferl.org/content/bashkortostan_islamists/2301430.html.
30.Paul Goble, “Bashkortostan Becomes Newest Russian ‘Hot Spot,’” Jamestown Foundation, Eurasia Daily Monitor9, no. 225 (December 10, 2012): http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[swords]=8fd5893941d69d0be3f378576261ae3e&tx_ttnews[any_of_the_words]=reidar%20visser&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=40225&tx_ttnews[backPid]=7&cHash=625ca4bf7a7d3d287e33b6099bd8e165.
31.See, for example, Amelina, “Djihad v Tatarstane [Jihad in Tatarstan],” Zvezda Povolzhya(Kazan), December 2, 2010.
32.See, for example, “Pamfilova: Kremlin Enables ‘Endemic Corruption’ in North Caucasus,” The Other Russia, April 23, 2010, http://www.theotherrussia.org/2010/04/23/pamfilova-kremlin-enables-endemic-corruption-in-north-caucasus/.
33.“Chechen Official Puts Death Toll for 2 Wars at up to 160,000,” New York Times, August 16, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/15/world/europe/15iht-chech.html.
34.“Russia,” American Foreign Policy Council, World Almanac of Islamism, http://almanac.afpc.org/Russia.
35.Alexei Malashenko, as cited in “U Nikh Tut Portreti Putina, Medvedeva, No Oni za Shariat [Here they have portraits of Putin and Medvedev, but believe in Sharia],” Slon.ru, December 3, 2009, http://slon.ru/articles/203931/.
36.Charles King and Rajan Menon, “Prisoners of the Caucasus,” Foreign Affairs, July–August 2010, 29, 31; “Russia’s Medvedev: Caucasus Corruption Threatens State,” Reuters, May 19, 2010, http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/19/idUSLDE64I2GB; “Medvedev Advocates Tough Corruption Measures for North Caucasus,” Russia Today, May 19, 2010, http://rt.com/politics/medvedev-measures-corruption-caucasus/.
37.“Russia’s Medvedev: Caucasus Corruption Threatens State,” Reuters, May 19, 2010, http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/19/idUSLDE64I2GB; “Medvedev Advocates Tough Corruption Measures for North Caucasus,” Russia Today, May 19, 2010, http://rt.com/politics/medvedev-measures-corruption-caucasus/.
38.“Lider Shiitof-Azerbaijantsev v Tatarstane Poprosil u Presidenta Rossii Zashiti ot Vahhabitov [The leader of Azerbaijani Shiites in Tatarstan has asked the Russian President for Protection against Wahhabis],” Regnum, December 24, 2012, http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-volga/tatarstan/1607876.html.
39.Gladilin, “Tatarstan Prevrashayetsa v Odnu iz Gorachikh Tochek Rossii [Tatarstan is becoming one of Russia’s flashpoints],” km.ru, December 26, 2012, http://www.km.ru/v-rossii/2012/12/26/prava-i-tsennosti-russkogonaseleniya-rossii/700628-tatarstan-prevrashchaetsya-v.
40.As cited in Hahn, Russia’s Islamic Threat(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 12.
41.“Russia,” American Foreign Policy Council, World Almanac of Islamism, http://almanac.afpc.org/Russia.
42.Ariel Cohen, “A Threat to the West: The Rise of Islamist Insurgency in the Northern Caucasus and Russia’s Inadequate Response,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, no. 2643 (March 26, 2012): http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/a-threat-to-the-west-the-rise-of-islamist-insurgency-in-the-northern-caucasus.
43.“Ekspert: Vliyaniyu Radicalnoi Islamistskoi Ideologii, k Sozheleniu, Podverzhenuy Vse [Expert: Everyone is, unfortunately, susceptible to radical Islamist ideology],” Regnum, December 25, 2012, http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-volga/tatarstan/1608274.html.
CHAPTER FIVE
1.As cited in Mikhail A. Alexseev, Immigration Phobia and the Security Dilemma: Russia, Europe and the United States(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 95.
2.Siberia is made up of twelve federal subjects: the Altai Republic, Altai Krai, the Republic of Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, Kemerovo Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Novosibirsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, the Tuva Republic, and the Republic of Khakassia. The Far East is made up of nine: Amur Oblast, the Jewish Autonomous Region, Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Sakha Republic, Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, and Chukhotka Autonomous Okrug.
3.Herman Pirchner, The Russian-Chinese Border: Today’s Reality(Washington, D.C.: American Foreign Policy Council, August 2002), 5.
4.“Itogi perepisi naseleniya,” Vserossiiskaya perepis’ naseleniya, http://www.perepis-2010.ru/message-rosstat.php.
5.For total number of citizens in Heilongjiang, see “Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People’s Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census[1] (no. 2),” National Bureau of Statistics of China, April 11, 2009, http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm; for territory size, 180,000 square miles, see “Heilongjiang,” China Discover, http://www.chinadiscover.net/china-tour/heilongjiangguide/heilongjiang-maps.htm.
6.Rens Lee, “The Far East between Russia, China and America,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, E-Notes, July 2012, 1.
7.For more on the history of the Russian-Chinese Border, see Pirchner, The Russian-Chinese Border: Today’s Reality(Washington, D.C.: American Foreign Policy Council, August 2002), 5; see also Al Santoli, Empires of the Steppe(Washington, D.C.: American Foreign Policy Council, 2002).
8.John Daniszewski, “Russia, China Pledge Friendship,” Los Angeles Times, July 17, 2001, http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jul/17/news/mn-23129.
9.Mikhail Kharitinov, “‘Yellow Peril’ Over the Far East,” Mir Novostey(Moscow), April 17, 2001.
10.Ibid.; “Chinese Migration Alarms Border Patrol,” Moscow Times, July 1, 2000, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/chinese-migration-alarms-border-patrol/261282.html.
11.Pirchner, The Russian-Chinese Border: Today’s Reality(Washington, D.C.: American Foreign Policy Council, August 2002), 8.
12.“Survey on Chinese in Far East,” People’s Daily(Beijing), January 2, 2004, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200401/01/eng20040101_131677.shtml.
13.Pirchner, The Russian-Chinese Border: Today’s Reality(Washington, D.C.: American Foreign Policy Council, August 2002), 8.
14.Anatoly Medetsky, “Chinese Tourists Said To Drain Money, Resources,” Vladivostok News(Vladivostok), July 21, 2000.
15.Pirchner, The Russian-Chinese Border: Today’s Reality(Washington, D.C.: American Foreign Policy Council, August 2002), 8.
16.Olga Alexeeva, “Chinese Migration in the Russian Far East,” China Perspectives, no. 3 (2008): 28, http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/pdf/4033.
17.Calculated from World Bank statistics available at http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG.
18.“Top Headache for China’s New Leaders: Job Creation,” South China Morning Post, November 1, 2012, http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1074241/top-headache-chinas-new-leaders-job-creation.
19.Maria Repnikova and Harley Balzer, “Chinese Migration to Russia: Missed Opportunities,” Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Eurasian Migration Papers, no. 3 (2009): 11, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/No3_ChineseMigtoRussia.pdf.