air protection 34–5, 37, 40
air-raid warnings 37–8
aircraft industry 15
’Anti-War Memorial’ 316
appearance 4–6
apprehension 40–1
attitude to the bomber war 341–2
awareness of threat 107–8
beer-hall battle, 1930 22–4
breakdown of social order, 1919 19–20
British troops enter 309–11
and change 9
chronology 351–62
churches 181
clean-up effort 265, 287–93
Communist uprising, 1923 20–1
complacency 109–10
damage, 24–6 July 175–81
damage costs 400
the ‘dead city’ 295–6, 298–9
debts 25
defences 73–5, 81, 93, 97–8, 138–9, 146–7, 195–6, 247, 254, 278–9
destruction as defining moment of war xv–xvi
devastation 287–8, 295–6, 300–1, 309–11, 318–19
development as trading centre 6–8
disaster plan 236
economic collapse, 1929–30 21
effect of First World War on 17–18
effect of USAAF raids 174–5
emigrants 15–16
evacuation 126, 183, 232, 236–42, 247
famine 312–15
forbidden zone 298–9
Great Fire of 1842 35, 186–7
harbour 4, 6–7, 269, 287, 323
Hitler and 5, 31–2, 32–3, 234
immigrants 8
importance of 82
industrial development 8, 17
industrial production 322–3
Jews 28–30
lack of experience of bombing 34
legacy of bombing 316–17
location 3–4
media capital 316
the ‘Miracle of’ 306–7
named as target 69–70; see alsoOperation Gomorrah
Nazi Party membership 26
Nazi Party takes control 121
November 1918 revolution 18–19
party leaders visit 305–6
population 32, 228
and the rearmament programme 31–2
reconstruction 315–16, 327
recovery, 1920s 21
refugees return 300–3
relationship with America 14–16
relationship with Britain 10–14, 108
relaxation in 108–9
reputation with air crews 81
rise of the Nazis 22–4, 25–6
seasonal temperature 202
shipbuilding industry 13, 31, 32, 315
spread of Nazi control 27
surrender 309
suspension of civil liberties 26
swing movement 40
teenage persecution 28
today 349–50
trade with America 14–15
trade with Britain 10, 13
tragedy of 328–9
unemployment 24, 25, 31
war preparations 34–5, 37
Hamburg-Amerikanische
Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft, seeHAPAG
Hamburger Zeitung(newspaper) 182, 305
Hamm 5–6, 207, 211, 213, 214, 221, 228, 257, 287, 299
Hammer Landstraße, the 208, 226, 288
Hammer Park 211, 221
Hammerbrook 5–6, 192, 209, 211, 213, 217–21, 225, 227, 228, 287, 299
hamstering, seeblack market
Hangelar 191
Hanover 137, 166, 167, 171, 172, 337
Hanseatic League, the 7, 10
HAPAG 13, 15, 31
Harburg 32, 282
Hargis, Lieutenant Jack 172
Harland, Kenny 153
Harris, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur
air crews’ devotion to 61
and the air raid, 2 August 268, 269
and the air raid, 29 July 246, 249
announces intention to bomb Hamburg 69–70
appointed to command Bomber Command 58, 59–60
background 60
belief in bombing 327–8, 336, 338
character 60–1
and daylight bombing 66
and Eaker 65
friends 61
optimism 188
orders, 1943 67–8
orders Operation Gomorrah to proceed 71–2, 76, 129
orders second maximum effort raid 186
Harris, Sir Arthur – cont.
plans to raid Berlin 245
presses for use of ‘Window’ 75–6
reputation 338
statue 331
on strategic bombing 61–2
strategy 61–3
and Trenchard 48
Harrison, Colin 193, 273, 280–1, 340
Harvestehude 5, 122, 268
Heide 95, 150
Heidenkampsweg, the 216, 227
Heiligengeistfeld, the 316
Heligoland 151
Henning, Ernst Robert 26
Hennings, Annegret 288
Herrmann, Major Hajo 191, 196
Hesse 314
Hillenmayer, Donald 140
Hills, Keith 86
Hindenburg, Paul von 18
Hiroshima, xvii
Hitler, Adolf
and the battle of Britain 56
criticism of 39
and Hamburg 5, 31–2, 32–3, 234
reaction to the bombing 233–4
rearmament programme 30–2
refusal to defend Germany 325–6
rise of 25
suicide 308–9
takes power 26–7
withdrawal from League of Nations 53
Hitler Youth 27, 242
Hochbunker, the 260
Hohenfelde 221
Holland 53, 54–5, 65, 131, 145, 156
Hollis, Leslie 19
homeless people 183
Hopcroft, Freddie 81
Hopton, Sergeant C. G. 195–6
Horn 236
Hornsea 90
Horsey, Dr P. J. 309–10, 312
hospital trains 265
hospitals 183
Houck, James H. 139, 153
housing, amount destroyed 318
Howaldtswerke 13, 150, 169, 174
Hull 47
humidity 202
Husum 151, 158
immigrants, threat of 24
Independent Social Democratic Party (USDP) 18
industrial capacity, effect on 319, 322, 322–3
inflation 19, 314
informers 39
internment 279
Italy 45, 46, 268
Jakobi Friedhof cemetery 264
Jakobipark 211
Janson, Gustaf 46
jazz 28
Jedlicka, Hans 209, 227, 231
Jena–Auerstadt, battle of, 1806 12
Jeschonnek, Hans 326
Jever 151
Jews 24, 28–30, 341
Johannsen, Johann 113–14, 122, 123
Johen, Wilhelm 95, 276
Joint Intelligence Committee 328
Kaiser-Friedrich-Ufer 27
Kammhuber Kino 93–4
Kammhuber Line 93
Karstadt department store 260
Kassel 172, 248, 337
Kaufmann, Karl 27, 121, 126, 182, 234, 236, 309
Kellinghausen 96, 238
Kelson, Hannah 39, 110, 305
Kiausch, Elisabeth 342
Kiel 38, 89, 107, 130, 131, 145, 186, 248, 281
Kiel Mutiny 18
Kinderlandverschickungevacuation scheme 38
Kipke, Max 225
Klank, Henni 206–7, 232
Klauß, Margaret 240
Klemperer, Victor 25
Klöckner aero-engine factory 129, 130, 138, 149, 165–6, 169
Knight, Noel 197
knock-out blow, Allies’ inability to mount 244–5
Koch, Traute 226
Kraft durch Freude (‘Strength through Joy’) 27
Krauter, Feldwebel 276, 278
Kristallnacht 29–30
Krohn, Erwin 238
Küper, Dr Wilhelm 183
Kursk, battle of 40
Laeisz, Ferdinand 13
Landungsbrücken, the 6
latrines 293–4
Lauck, Gary 343
‘Law for the Lifting of Misery from the People and Reich’ 26
leaflet drops 41, 96–7, 107, 235
League of German Girls 27, 240, 242
League of Nations 30, 53
Leeming, Sergeant C. C. 273
Lettow-Vorbeck, General Paul von 20
Libya 46
‘Lichtenstein’ radar system 74, 76, 95
Liddell Hart, Basil 337
Liverpool 56
living conditions 300–7
Lloyd George, David 48
Lohse, Else 225–6, 231
Lohse, Peter 231
Lokstedt 110, 125–6, 266
London 7
the Blitz 56, 204, 310
First World War air raids on 47, 49, 51
vulnerability to air attack 51–3, 52
looting 182, 298
Lotze Engineering Works 224
Lübeck 7, 38, 62, 89, 186, 337
Luftwaffe
and the air raid, 24 July 92–5, 96, 103
and the air raid, 25 July 144–5, 151, 154, 155, 157–8, 158–9
and the air raid, 26 July 168–9, 171
and the air raid, 27 July 189–92
and the air raid, 29 July 251–2, 254, 256–7
and the air raid, 2 August 276–8
and the battle of Britain 56–8
bolsters defences 247
bombing of Guernica 53
bombing of Rotterdam 55
existence revealed 31
JG 1 158–9
JG 26 145
JG 300 191
lack of leadership 325
lack of resources 324–6
morale 324–6
NGJ 1 276
role 54
Staffel145
Luftwaffe – cont.
tactics 154, 159, 190–2, 257, 326–7
Trojan Horse B17s 172
Maack, Dr 289
Mablethorpe 90