canals, the 4, 218–21

carbon monoxide poisoning 200, 229–30, 260

Cardiff 56

Carlisle, Willis 147

Casablanca Conference, 1943 67, 128

casualties and losses, see alsocorpses

air raid, 24 July 96, 98, 104, 117, 119, 136, 151–8, 376–8

air raid, 25 July 147, 161, 163–4, 378–80

air raid, 26 July 171, 172, 380–1

air raid, 27 July 190, 195–8, 381–3

air raid, 29 July 251–2, 254–5, 256–7, 260, 261, 384–7

air raid, 2 August 275–6, 278, 279, 281, 282, 388–92

the Blitz 57

Bomber Command 59, 80, 336, 337

combined air offensive 68

estimating 291–2

the firestorm 209, 211, 212–13, 215, 216, 224–30

First World War air raids 47

Hanover, 26 July 172

injuries 231–2

Lübeck 62

post 1943 308

Rotterdam 55

total xvi, 299, 319, 337

treatment of 183

USAAF 67, 173, 336

cellars 117, 209–10, 229–30, 289, 290, 290–1, 291–2

Chantler, Wanda 110, 116–17, 119, 125–6, 266–7, 282

children

adaptation 301–2

evacuation 38

post 1943 casualties 308

chivalry 156

Christie, J. K. 272

Christuskirche, Holstenplatz 181

Church, moral leadership 345

Churchill, Winston S. 55, 56, 57, 59, 66, 70, 75, 268

Clostermann, Pierre 134

Cochrane, Ralph 61

‘Coffin Corner’ 155

Cole, Flight Officer J. S. 104

collision, risk of 100

Cologne 63, 107, 191, 311, 337

combined air offensive 67–70

Combined Chiefs of Staff 67, 129

commemoration 345–8

Communist Party 20–1, 22–3, 26

Communist resistance groups 40

Communist uprising, 1923 20–1

Communists, threat of 23–4

concentration camp inmates 290, 291, 292–3

consequences, denial of xiv–xv

Coombes, Eva 37

Cooper, Leonard 97–8, 195

corpses

identification 292, 297

recovery and burial 288–93, 298

refugees carrying 241–2

Couper, Flight Sergeant J. A. 278

Coventry xvii, 56, 310

Cromer 90

Cuxhaven 146

Czechoslovakia 32, 53

Dagerman, Stig xiv

Daily Express234

damage assessment 318–22

Dark, Philip 310

Davis, David 157

Davis, Walter 134, 146

Davout, Marshal Louis 12

death, causes of 200

Decontamination Service 291

decoys 192

Deelen 151

Denmark 53, 241

Depression, the 21, 25

Der Brand(Friedrich) 343

destruction, man’s urge for xiii

Deutsche Arbeitsfront, the 27

Dimpfelsweg 207, 208

disease, fear of 293, 298, 312

ditching 157–8, 172

diversionary missions 89, 101, 130–1, 145, 166, 250

Doenitz, Admiral Karl 305

Dortmund 68

double summertime 109

Douhet, Giulio 51, 236

Dresden xv, 201, 245, 308, 311, 328, 338

Drieseszun, Philip 138, 139, 153–4

Duisburg 89, 101

Düppel 75–6

Düsseldorf xv, xvii, 68

Eaker, General Ira 61, 64, 64–5, 66, 67, 69, 248

East Germany 343

education 27–8

Edwards, Ted 98

Eilbek 211, 213, 221, 224, 257, 260, 305

Eimsbüttel 5, 20, 125, 175

Eimsbüttler Chaussee 118

Eimsbüttler Marktplatz 118–19

Elbe, river 3–4, 9, 35, 98, 144, 146, 176, 315

Elbe Chaussee, the 4

Elbetunnel, the 18

electricity, restoration of 303

Elingshausen, Paul 116, 119

Elmshorn 282

emergency rations 183

emergency services 119–20

‘Enabling Act’ 26

Eppendorf 5, 257

Essen xvii, 68, 129, 185, 245

Estes, Thomas 156–8

evacuation 126, 183, 232, 236–42, 247

evasion tactics 96

executions, political 26

famine, fear of 39

Farmsen 236

Faupel, Ludwig 214–15, 290

Fenton, Frank 255

fighter escorts 134, 334

financial costs 327–8, 399–400

fire, threat of 35

fire service 119–20, 120–1, 176, 213–15, 248

fire wardens 112, 116, 206

fire-watchers 35, 112

firebombing 52–3

firemen 35

fires 175, 185, 248, 257, 288. see alsofirestorm

air raid, 24 July 101, 113–14, 118, 119–21, 122, 123, 124

meteorological effects 123

situation 27 July 176, 177, 180

tactical use of 203–4

firestorm

begins 192–3, 195

the bombardment 204–6, 207–9, 210

canals as refuges 218–21

damage 224

casualties 209, 211, 212–13, 215, 216, 224–30

causes of death 229–30

commemoration 347–8

danger of cellars 209–10, 229–30

death-toll 227–8

experience on the ground 206–21

extent 221–4

eyewitness accounts 205, 207, 208–9, 210, 211–13, 214–16, 217, 219, 220–1, 225, 226, 227, 228–9, 229–30, 230–1, 232

fiftieth anniversary 331–2, 342, 344

the fire service and 213–15

fire-whirls 201

incendiary bombs 203–4, 206

injuries 231–2

intensity 201–2

moral questions 335–7

morning after 224–7

parks and open spaces 211

the phenomenon 200–1

sea of flames 213

smoke 200

spread of 224

start time 221

survivors 228–9, 230–2

temperatures 200, 201, 224

weather conditions 202

winds 200–1, 216, 221, 228–9

First World War 17–18, 37, 39, 46–50, 51, 57, 60

flak 74–5, 93, 97–8, 112–13, 121, 139, 146–7, 164, 191, 195, 196, 247, 254, 255, 278–9, 333

flashbacks 317

Fleming, Samuel 135

Flensburg 96, 107

flies 294–5, 298

flight engineers 85, 87, 103

Flying P Line 13

Folkestone 47

food riots, threat of 314

food shortages 39

food supplies 237, 242

forced labourers 265–6

France 33, 131, 137, 145, 166

France, battle of 53

Freikorps 20

‘Freya’ radar system 73–4, 76, 92, 190

Frick, Wilhelm 305

Friedrich, Jörg 343

friendly fire 164

Frisian Islands 156, 172

frostbite 141

Fry, Doug 340

Fuhlsbüttel airfield 237

Fuller, J. F. C. 51

Galland, Adolf 93–4, 240, 325–6

Gänsemarkt, the 125

Gardieweski, Leutnant Eberhard 159

Garvens, Erwin 119

Garvey, Flight Lieutenant 189

gas 53

gas supply, restoration of 303–4

Genoa 268

Gerke, Liselotte 118–19, 123

German Communist Party (KPD) 25

Germany

air defences 93–4, 326–7

Allied occupation 311–15

attitude to the bomber war 341–4

bitterness towards 330

civil defence 323–4

collapse predicted 328

denial of past xiv

despair 314–15

devastation 311

effect of evacuation on 240, 243–4

emigration 15–16

fighter production 325–6

First World War air raids on 48–9

infrastructure dismantled 313–14

pacifism 349

rearmament programme 30–2

reconstruction 311–12

surrender 309

Glasgow 56, 311

Godeffroy and Woermann 13

Goebbels, Josef 10, 29, 38, 39, 62, 112, 180, 233, 233–4, 236, 245, 305

Goering, Hermann 31, 56, 305, 325–6

Gollancz, Victor 312, 314–15

Grasbrook 12, 99

Grassmann, Ilse 124, 238, 302

Great Britain

attitude to the bomber war 337–8

the Blitz xvii, 56, 57, 204, 310–11

bombing restraint 54

cost of bomber war 327–8

declares war 33

defence cuts 51

First World War air raids on 47–8

opposition to plan to bomb Hamburg 69–70

reaction to the bombing 234

relationship with Hamburg 10–14, 108

strategic bombing campaign 55, 57–8, 61–3

Greater Hamburg 32

Grevenweg 217–18

Grimm, Richard 161

Grimsby 250

Grindel 125

Groom, Ted 197–8, 274

grumbling 39

Grzeskowiak, Sergeant S. 104

Guernica 53

guilt 330–2, 339, 340–1, 344, 349

gunners 79, 84, 85, 87–8, 103, 140, 142

Gust, Darrell 144–5

H2S 73, 97

Haberland, Ernst-Günther 216, 242

Hagenbeck zoo 180–1

Hague Peace Conference, 1899 53

Hamburg