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Ссылки

1

Blum Jerome. The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe (Princeton, 1978). P. 3.

2

Ibid. P. 440. См. также: Marshall Т. Н. Class, Citizenship, and Social Development (Garden City, N.Y., 1964). P. 193; и Mousnier Roland. Les hierarchies sociales de 1450 a nos jours (Paris, 1969). P. 19–20.

3

Blum. End of the Old Order. P. 440–445.

4

Blum. End of the Old Order. P. 419.

5

Ibid. P. 420.

6

Ibid. P. 420–421, 424.

7

Mayer Arno J. The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War (New York, 1981). P. 5–6, 12–13.

8

Ibid. P. 127, 133, 135, 186–187.

9

Ibid. P. 277–278, 282, 301.

10

Mayer. P. 301–302.

11

Ibid. P. 304.

12

Emmons Terence. The Formation of Political Parties and the First National Elections in Russia (Cambridge, MA, 1983). P. 2.

13

Rieber Alfred J. Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia (Chapel Hill, 1982). P. XXV.

14

Ibid. P. 416.

15

Ibid. P. XXV, 416.

16

Терпигорев С. Н. Оскудение (М., 1958), 1:22–24, 37–41, 68, 99-149.

17

Анфимов A. M., Макаров И. Ф. Новые данные о землевладении Европейской России И История СССР. 1974. № 1. С. 87–88.

18

Manning Roberta T. The Crisis of the Old Order in Russia (Princeton, 1982). P. 3, 25.

19

Manning. Crisis. P. 11, 43. В кн.: Brower Daniel R. Training the Nihilists (Ithaca, 1975) точно так же говорится о «финансовом кризисе помещиков, которые нашли прибежище и новое поле деятельности в городах» (р. 51).

20

Manning. Crisis. P. 8.

21

Ibid. P. 4, 8.

22

Manning. Crisis. P. 8.

23

Ibid. P. 8, 10.

24

Ibid. P. 9.

25

Ibid.

26

Ibid. См. также: Hamburg Gary M. Politics of the Russian Nobility: 1881–1905 (New Brunswick, 1984).

27

Manning. Crisis. P. 10–11.

28

Ibid. P. 20 и везде.

29

Haimson Leopold H. Conclusion: Observations on the Politics of the Russian Countryside (1905–1914) // Haimson Leopold H., ed. The Politics of Rural Russia 1905–1914 (Bloomington, 1979). P. 262–263; Edelman Robert. Gentry Politics on the Eve of the Russian Revolution (New Brunswick, 1980). P. 16–17.

30

Manning. Crisis. P. 36–38.

31

Ibid. P. 11.

32

Ibid. P. 30–32, 36–38, 40, 43, 48.

33

Ibid. P. 41–42.