hyarmen 'south' (Quenya) in Hyarmentir; Sindarin har-, harn, harad.

ia 'void, abyss' in Moria.

iant 'bridge' in Iant Iaur.

iâth 'fence' in Doriath.

iaur 'old' in Iant Iaur; cf. the Elvish name of Bombadil, Iarwain.

ilm- This stem appears in Ilmen, Ilmarë, and also in Ilmarin ('mansion of the high airs', the dwelling of Manwë and Varda upon Oiolossë).

ilúvë 'the whole, the all' in Ilúvatar.

kal' (gal-) This root, meaning 'shine', appears in Calacirya, Calaquendi, Tar-Calion; galvorn, Gil-galad, Galadriel. The last two names have no connexion with Sindarin galadh tree', although in the case of Galadriel such a connexion was often made, and the name altered to Galadhriel. In the High-elven speech her name was Al(a)táriel, derived from alata 'radiance' (Sindarin galad) and riel 'garlanded maiden' (from a root rig- 'twine, wreathe'): the whole meaning 'maiden crowned with a radiant garland', referring to her hair. calen (galen) 'green' is etymologically 'bright', and derives from this root; see also aglar.

káno 'commander': this Quenya word is the origin of the second element in Fingon and Turgon.

kel- 'go away', of water 'flow away, flow down', in Celon; from et-kele 'issue of water, spring' was derived, with transposition of the consonants, Quenya ehtele, Sindarin eithel.

kemen 'earth' in Kementári; a Quenya word referring to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens.

kheliek- 'ice' in Helcar, Helcaraxë (Quenya helka 'icy, ice-cold'). But in Helevorn the first element is Sindarin heledh 'glass', taken from Khuzdul kheled (cf. Kheled-zaram 'Mirrormere'); Helevorn means 'black glass' (cf. galvorn).

khil- 'follow' in Hildor, Hildórien, Eluchíl.

kir- 'cut, cleave' in Calacirya, Cirth, Angerthas, Cirith (Ninniach, Thoronath). From the sense 'pass swiftly through' was derived Quenya círya 'sharp-prowed ship' (cf. English cutter), and this meaning appears also in Círdan, Tar-Ciryatan, and no doubt in the name of Isildur's son Círyon.

lad 'plain, valley' in Dagorlad, Himlad; imlad a narrow valley with steep sides, in Imladris (cf. also Imlad Morgul in the Ephel Dúath).

laure 'gold' (but of light and colour, not of the metal) in Laurelin; the Sindarin forms in Glóredhel, Glorfindel, Loeg Ningloron, Lórindol, Rathlóriel.

lhach 'leaping flame' in Dagor Bragollach, and probably in Anglachel (the sword made by Eöl of meteoric iron).

lin (1) 'pool, mere' in Linaewen (which contains aew [Quenya aiwe] 'small bird'), Teiglin; cf. aelin.

lin- (2) This root, meaning 'sing, make a musical sound', occurs in Ainulindalë, Laurelin, Lindar, Lindon, Ered Lindon, lómelindi.

lith 'ash' in Anfauglith, Dor-nu-Fauglith; also in Ered Lithui, the Ashen Mountains, forming the northern border of Mordor, and Lithlad 'Plain of Ashes' at the feet of Ered Lithui.

lok- 'bend, loop' in Urulóki (Quenya [h]lókë 'snake, serpent', Sindarin Ihûg).

lóm 'echo' in Dor-lómin, Ered Lómin; related are Lammoth, Lanthir Lamath.

lómë 'dusk' in Lómion, lómelindi; see dú.

londë 'land-locked haven' in Alqualondë; the Sindarin form lond (lonn) in Mithlond.

los 'snow' in Oiolossë (Quenya oio 'ever' and losse 'snow, snow-white'); Sindarin loss in Amon Uilos and Aeglos.

loth 'flower' in Lothlórien, Nimloth; Quenya lótë in Ninquelótë, Vingilótë.

luin 'blue' in Ered Luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin.

maeg 'sharp, piercing' (Quenya maika) in Maeglin.

mal- 'gold' in Malduin, Malinalda; also in mallorn, and in the Field of Cormallen, which means 'golden circle' and was named from the culumalda trees that grew there (see cul-).

mān- 'good, blessed, unmarred' in Aman, Manwë; derivatives of Aman in Amandil, Araman, Úmanyar.

mel- 'love' in Melian (from Melyanna 'dear gift'); this stem is seen also in the Sindarin word mellon 'friend' in the inscription on the West-gate of Moria.

men 'way' in Númen, Hyarmen, Rómen, Formen.

menel 'the heavens' in Meneldil, Menelmacar, Meneltarma.

mereth 'feast' in Mereth Aderthad; also in Merethrond, the Hall of Feasts in Minas Tirith.

minas 'tower' in Annúminas, Minas Anor, Minas Tirith, etc. The same stem. occurs in other words referring to isolated, prominent, things, e.g. Mindolluin, Mindon; probably related is Quenya minya 'first' (cf. Tar-Minyatur, the name of Elros as first King of Númenor).

mîr 'jewel' (Quenya mîrë) in Elemmírë, Gwaith-i-Mírdain, Míriel, Nauglamír, Tar-Atanamir.

mith 'grey' in Mithlond, Mithrandir, Mithrim; also hi Mitheithel, the river Hoarwell in Eriador.

mor 'dark' in Mordor, Morgoth, Moria, Moriquendi, Mormegil, Morwen, etc.

moth 'dusk' in Nan Elmoth.

nan(d) 'valley' in Nan Dungortheb, Nan Elmoth, Nan Tathren.

nár 'fire' in Narsil, Narya; present also in the original forms of Aegnor (Aikanáro 'Sharp Flame' or 'Fell Fire') and Fëanor (Feanaro 'Spirit of Fire'). The Sindarin form was naur, as in Sammath Naur, the Chambers of Fire in Orodruin. Derived from the same ancient root (a)nar was the name of the Sun, Quenya Anar (also in Anárion), Sindarin Anor (cf. Minas Anor, Anorien).

naug 'dwarf' in Naugrim; see also Nogrod in entry groth. Related is another Sindarin word for 'dwarf', nogoth, plural noegyth (Noegyth Nibin 'Petty-dwarves') and nogothrim.

-(n)dil is a very frequent ending of personal names, Amandil, Eärendil (shortened Eärnil), Elendil, Mardil, etc.; it implies 'devotion', 'disinterested love' (see Mardil in entry bar).

-{n)dur in names such as Eärendur (shortened Eärnur) is similar in meaning to -(n)dil.

neldor 'beech' in Neldoreth; but it seems that this was properly the name of Hírilorn, the great beech-tree with three trunks (nelde 'three' and orn).

nen 'water', used of lakes, pools, and lesser rivers, in Nen Girith, Nenning, Nenuial, Nenya; Cuiviénen, Uinen; also in many names in The Lord of the Rings, as Nen Hithoel, Bruinen, Emyn Arnen, Núrnen. Nîn 'wet' in Loeg Ningloron; also in Nindalf.

nim 'white' (from earlier nimf, nimp) in Nimbrethil, Nimloth, Nimphelos, niphredil (niphred 'pallor'), Barad Nimras, Ered Nimrais. The Quenya form was ninque; thus Ninquelótë=Nimloth. Cf. also Taniquetil.

orn 'tree' in Celeborn, Hírilorn; cf. Fangorn 'Treebeard' and mallorn, plural mellyrn, the trees of Lothlórien.

orod 'mountain' in Orodruin, Thangorodrim; Orocarni, Oromet. Plural ered in Ered Engrin, Ered Lindon, etc.