Wildman of the Woods Name adopted by Túrin when he first came among the Men of Brethil. 265

Wilwarin Name of a constellation. The word meant 'butterfly' in Quenya, and the constellation was perhaps Cassiopeia. 48

Wizards See Istari. 372

Woodland Elves See Silvan Elves.

Yavanna 'Giver of fruits'; one of the Valier, numbered among the Aratar; the spouse of Aulë; called also Kementári See especially 20-1. 18, 20-3, 29-30, 33-5, 43-7, 57, 62, 82, 86-8, 90, 103, 113-4, 120, 321, 324, 362

Year of Lamentation The year of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 151, 243

These notes have been compiled for those who take an interest in the Eldarin languages, and The Lord of the Rings is extensively drawn upon for illustration. They are necessarily very compressed, giving an air of certainty and finality that is not altogether justified; and they are very selective, this depending both on considerations of length and the limitations of the editor's knowledge. The headings are not arranged systematically by roots or in Quenya or Sindarin forms, but somewhat arbitrarily, the aim being to make the component elements of names as readily identifiable as possible.

adan (plural Edain) in Adanedhel, Aradan, Dúnedain. For its meaning and history see Atani in the Index.

aelin 'lake, pool' in Aelin-uial; cf. lin (2).

aglar 'glory, brilliance' in Dagor Aglareb, Aglarond. The form in Quenya, alkar, has transposition of the consonants: to Sindarin aglareb corresponds Alkarinquë. The root is kal- 'shine', q.v.

aina 'holy' in Ainur, Ainulindalë.

alda 'tree' (Quenya) in Aldaron, Aldudénië, Malinalda, corresponding to Sindarin galadh (seen in Caras Galadon and the Galadrim of Lothlórien).

alqua 'swan' (Sindarin alph) in Alqualondë; from a root alak- 'rushing' occurring also in Ancalagon.

amarth 'doom' in Amon Amarth, Cabed Naeramarth, Úmarth, and in the Sindarin form of Túrin's name 'Master of Doom', Turamarth. The Quenya form of the word appears in Turambar.

amon 'hill', a Sindarin word occurring as the first element of many names; plural emyn in Emyn Beraid. 445

anca 'jaws' in Ancalagon (for the second element in this name see alqua).

an(d) 'long' in Andram, Anduin; also in Anfalas ('Lang-strand') in Gondor, Cair Andros ('ship of long-foam') an island in Anduin, and Angerthas 'long rune-rows'.

andúnë 'sunset, west' in Andúnië, to which corresponds in Sindarin annun, cf. Annúminas, and Henneth Annun 'window of the sunset' in Ithilien. The ancient root of these words, ndu, meaning 'down, from on high', appears also in Quenya numen 'the way of the sunset, west' and in Sindarin dun 'west', cf. Dúnedain, Adûnaic adun in Adunakhôr, Anadûnë was a loan from Eldarin speech.

anga 'iron', Sindarin ang, in Angainor, Angband, Anghabar, Anglachel, Angrist, Angrod, Anguirel, Gurthang; angren 'of iron' in Angrenost, plural engrin in Ered Engrin.

anna 'gift' in Annatar, Melian, Yavanna; the same stem in Andor 'Land of Gift'.

annon 'great door or gate', plural ennyn, in Annon-in-Gelydh; cf. Morannon the 'Black Gate' of Mordor and Sirannon the 'Gate-stream' of Moria.

ar- 'beside, outside' (whence Quenya ar 'and', Sindarin a), probably in Araman 'outside Aman'; cf. also (Nirnaeth) Arnoediad '(Tears) without reckoning'.

ar(a)- 'high, noble, royal' appears in a great many names, as Aradan, Aredhel, Argonath, Arnor, etc.; extended stem arat- appearing in Aratar, and in arato 'champion, eminent man', e.g. Angrod from Angaráto and Finrod from Findaráto; also aran 'king' in Aranrúth. Ereinion 'scion of kings' (name of Gil-galad) has the plural of aran; cf. Fornost Erain 'Norbury of the Kings' in Arnor. The prefix Ar- of the Adûnaic names of the Kings of Númenor was derived from this.

arien (the Maia of the Sun) is derived from a root as- seen also in Quenya árë 'sunlight'.

atar 'father' in Atanatári (see Atani in Index), Ilúvatar.

band 'prison, duress' in Angband; from original mbando, of which the Quenya form appears in Mandos (Sindarin Angband=Quenya Angamando).

bar 'dwelling' in Bar-en-Danwedh. The ancient word mbár (Quenya már, Sindarin bar) meant the 'home' both of persons and of peoples, and thus appears in many place-names, as Brithombar, Dimbar (the first element of which means 'sad, gloomy'), Eldamar, Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar. Mardil, name of the first of the Ruling Stewards of Gondor, means 'devoted to the house' (i.e. of the Kings).

barad 'tower' in Barad-dûr, Barad Either Barad Nimras; the plural in Emyn Beraid.

beleg 'mighty' in Beleg, Belegaer, Belegost, Laer Cú Beleg.

brago 'sudden' in Dagor Bragollach.

brethil probably means 'silver birch'; cf. Nimbrethil the birchwoods in Arvernien, and Fimbrethil, one of the Entwives.

brith 'gravel' in Brithiach, Brithombar, Brithon.

(For many names beginning with C see entries under K)

calen (galen) the usual Sindarin word for 'green', in Ard-galen, Tol Galen, Calenardhon; also in Parth Galen ('Green Sward') beside Anduin and Pinnath Gelin ('Green Ridges') in Gondor. See kal-.

cam (from kamba) 'hand', but specifically of the hand held cupped in the attitude of receiving or holding, in Camlost, Erchamion.

carak- This root is seen in Quenya carca 'fang', of which the Sindarin form carch occurs in Carcharoth, and also in Carchost ('Fang Fort', one of the Towers of the Teeth at the entrance to Mordor). Cf. Caragdûr, Carach Angren ('Iron Jaws', the rampart and dike guarding the entrance to Udun in Mordor), and Helcaraxë.

caran 'red', Quenya carnë, in Caranthir, Carnil, Orocarni; also in Caradhras, from caran-rass, the 'Red-horn' in the Misty Mountains, and Carnimirie 'red-jewelled', the rowan-tree in Treebeard's song. The translation of Carcharoth in the text as 'Red Maw' must depend on association with this word; see carak-.

celeb 'silver' (Quenya telep, telpë, as in Telperion) in Celeborn, Celebrant, Celebros. Celebrimbor means 'silver-fist', from the adjective celebrin 'silver' (meaning not 'made of silver' but 'like silver, in hue or worth') and paur (Quenya quare) 'fist' often used to mean 'hand'; the Quenya form of the name was Telperinquar. Celebrindal has celebrin and tal, dal 'foot'.

coron 'mound' in Corollairë (also called Coron Oiolairë, which latter word appears to mean 'Ever-summer', cf. Oiolossë); cf. Cerin Amroth, the great mound in Lothlórien.

cú 'bow' in Cúthalion, Dor Cúarthol, Laer Cú Beleg.

cuivië 'awakening' in Cuiviénen (Sindarin Nen Echui). Other derivatives of the same root are Dor Firn‑i‑Guinar; coire, the first beginning of Spring, Sindarin echuir, The Lord of the Rings Appendix D; and coimas 'life-bread', Quenya name of lembas.