Asaro, Frank

Ashcroft, Frances

Asimov, Isaac

asteroids; Chicxulub crater; close passes of Earth; cratering rates, Moon; crater research; detection; devastation of impact; discovery of; extinctions and; identifying; iridium; Manson, Iowa. See also meteorite

astronomy: constant; cosmological constant; interpretation in; parsec; red shift. See also Einstein, Albert; Hubble, Erwin; solar system; stars; universe; specific astronomers

Atkins, P. W.

atmosphere; balloon ascents; carbon dioxide in; clouds; convection and; Coriolis effect; Death Zone; early; Earth’s rotation and; Hadley cells; higher elevations, mountaineers, health effects; jet streams; layers, names; limit of human tolerance; oxygen in; ozone in; space ship reentry; Sun, heat from; sunlight and; temperature, upper atmosphere; tropopause; turbulence in; warm air, and moisture; weight of air. See also weather

atom; Avogadro’s Principle; behavior of; bombs and; chemical identity, protons and; durability of; existence of; fission; half-life; image, created by Nagaoka; isotope; matrix mechanics; quantum leap; quantum mechanics; size and weight of; strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force; structure of; thermodynamics and; Uncertainty Principle; wave mechanics

Attenborough, David

Australia: ANU, Canberra, rock dating at; human-caused extinctions; human skeletons, early, found at Mungo; orange roughy, depletion of; sea life, lack of; Shark Bay, stromatolites at

Avery, Oswald

Avogadro, Lorenzo

Avogardro’s Principle

B

Baade, Walter

Bachman’s warbler

bacteria; adaptive changes; antiquity of; below the Earth’s crust (SLiME); classification; culturing, difficulty of; discovery of; DNA, irradiated; durability; environments, extreme, as hosts to; epidemics; gangrene; harmful or infectious; identification of; in or on human body; mosquitoes and spread of; mutations; nitrogen conversion of; number of types; percentage of life; proliferation of; resistant to antibiotics; survival of, extraordinary

bacteriophages

Baldwin, Ralph B.

Ball, Philip

Banks, Sir Joseph

Barton, Otis

Basin and Ridge (McPhee)

Bastin, Edson

bathyscaphe

bathysphere

bdelloid rotifers

Beagle, voyage of

Becher, Johann

Becker, George

Becquerel, Henri

bed mites

Beebe, Charles William,

Bell, Alexander Graham

Bennett, Victoria

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Bergstralh, Jay

Berners-Lee, Tim

Berzelius, J. J.

Betelgeuse

Bethe, Hans

Biddle, Wayne

Big Bang

Big Birth

Biology: The Science of Life (Wallace, King, amp; Sanders)

birds. See also extinction of species; specific species

Birds of Arabia (Meinertzhagen)

Black, Davidson

black holes

Blackett, Patrick

Blind Watchmaker, The (Dawkins)

Bodanis, David

Bogdanov, Igor and Grickha

Bohr, Niels

Bolzmann, Ludwig

Bonnichsen, Bill

Bose, S. N.

Bouguer, Pierre

Bowler, Jim

Boyle, Robert

Brace, C. Loring

Brand, Hennig

Brave New World (Huxley)

Briggs, Derek

Britain: geology, popularity of; learned societies; nitrous oxide, popularity of; plant collecting; sea exploration, HMS Challenger; transits of Venus expeditions

Brock, Thomas and Louise

Broom, Robert

Brown, Guy

Brown, Harrison

Brown, Robert

Brownian motion

Brunhes, Bernard

Bryce, David

Buckland, William

Buffon, Comte de (Leclerc)

C

Cadbury, Deborah

caissons

calculus

cancer

Cannon, Annie Jump

carbon

carbon dioxide; Dover, white cliffs, and; inflated levels in atmosphere; marine organisms and

Carolina parakeet

Cassini, Giovanni and Jacques

Caster, K. E.

Cavendish, Henry

Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University

Cavendish, William

cells; ATP; brain; cancer; chromosomes in; communication between; death; discovery of; DNA and replication of; lifespan,; liver; microscopic examination, first; mitochondria; nucleus; number in a human being; protein in; replacement; sponge, rebuilding; structure and activity of; types, variety

Celsius, Anders

CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Chadwick, James

Chambers, Robert

Chapman, Clark

Chappe, Jean

Charpentier, Jean de

chemistry; atomic number; atomic weight; Avogadro’s number; conventions and formulas,; Dalton and; elements; organic and inorganic; periodic table; radioactivity, discovery of; societies; symbols and abbreviations

chlorine

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Christiansen, Bob

Christy, James

Cod (Kurlansky)

cod fish

Comet (Sagan)

comets: Kuiper belt and; long-period; Shoemaker-Levy 9, and impact on Jupiter; speed of. See also specific comets

Coming of Age in the Milky Way (Ferris)

Compston, Bill

Conard, Henry S.

convection

Conway Morris, Simon

Cook, James

Coon, Carleton

Cope, Edward Drinker

Coriolis effect

cosmic background radiation

Cosmos (Sagan)

Cox, David

Cox, Peter

Crab Nebula

Crampton, Henry Edward

Crick, Francis

Croll, James

Cropper, William H.

Crouch, Henry

Crowther, J. G.

Crucible of Creation, The (Conway Morris)

Crystal Palace, London; Park

Curie, Marie

Curie, Pierre

Cuvier, Georges

D

Dalton, John

Daly, Reginald

dark energy (vacuum energy, quintessence)

dark matter; DUNNOS; MACHOs; WIMPs

Dart, Raymond

Darwin, Charles

Davies, Paul

Davy, Humphry

Dawkins, Richard

de Duve, Christian

de Vaucouleurs, Gérard

de Vries, Hugo

DeMoivre, Abraham

Denver, Colorado, mystery of

Descartes, René

Descent of Man, The (Darwin)

Diamond, Jared

diamonds

Dicke, Robert

Dickinson, Matt

dinosaurs: Anchisaurus; appearance of; Archaeopteryx; discovery of; bones, American sites for finding; Crystal Palace Park, London; Diplodocus; extinction; fossils, England; fossils, paucity of record; Hadrosaur; Hylaeosaurus; identification of; iguanodon Megalosaurus; museum fakes; ornithischians and saurischians; Owen coins the word; ranges of, northern; tracks, Massachusetts; tyrannosaurus rex

Diversity of Life, The (Wilson)

Dixon, Jeremiah

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid); amount in cells; cells and; chemical components; coding of; cosmic rays, effect of; discovery of; durability; fingerprinting; hox genes and; Human Genome Project; irradiated; life, creation of and; non-coding; replication; RNA and; polymerase chain reaction; proteins, creation of and; reproduction dependent on; SNP (snip); structure and discovery of double helix

dodo

Doppler, Johann Christian

Doppler shift

Doss, Paul

Double Helix, The (Watson)

Drake, Frank

Dreams of a Final Theory (Weinberg)

Drury, Stephen

Dubois, Marie Eugene.

Dyson, Freeman