Ing wжs жrest mid East-Denum
gesewen secgum oю he siююan east
ofer wжg gewat; wжn жfter ran
—which may be translated: ‘Ing was first seen by men among the East Danes, until he departed eastwards over the waves; his car sped after him.’ It would serve no purpose, because although the connection of my father’s Ing, Ingwл with the shadowy Ing (Ingw-) of northern historical legend is certain and indeed obvious he seems to have been intending no more than an association of his mythology with known traditions (though the words of the Runic Poem were clearly influential). The matter is made particularly obscure by the fact that in these notes the names Ing and Ingwл intertwine with each other, but are never expressly differentiated or identified.
Thus Жlfwine was ‘of the kin of Ing, King of Luthany’ (15, 16), but the Elves retreated ‘to Luthany where Ingwл was king’ (18). The Elves of Luthany throve again ‘after the coming of the sons of Ing’ (19), and the Ingwaiwar, seventh of the invaders of Luthany, were more friendly to the Elves (20), while Ingwл ‘founded’ the Ingwaiwar (20). This name is certainly to be equated with Inguaeones (see above), and the invasion of the Ingwaiwar (or ‘Sons of Ing’) equally certainly represents the ‘Anglo-Saxon’ invasion of Britain. Can Ing, Ingwл be equated? So far as this present material is concerned, I hardly see how they can not be. Whether this ancestor-founder is to be equated with Inwл (whose son was Ingil) of the Lost Tales is another question. It is hard to believe that there is no connection (especially since Inwл in The Cottage of Lost Play is emended from Ing, I.22), yet it is equally difficult to see what that connection could be, since Inwл of the Lost Tales is an Elda of Kфr (Ingwл Lord of the Vanyar in The Silmarillion) while Ing(wл) of ‘the Жlfwine story’ is a Man, the King of Luthany and Жlfwine’s ancestor. (In outlines for Gilfanon’s Tale it is said that Ing King of Luthany was descended from Ermon, or from Ermon and Elmir (the first Men, I. 236–7).)
The following outlines tell some more concerning Ing(wл) and the Ingwaiwar:
(22) How Ing sailed away at eld [i.e. in old age] into the twilight, and Men say he came to the Gods, but he dwells on Tol Eressлa, and will guide the fairies one day back to Luthany when the Faring Forth takes place.*
How he prophesied that his kin should fare back again and possess Luthany until the days of the coming of the Elves.
How the land of Luthany was seven times invaded by Men, until at the seventh the children of the children of Ing came back to their own.
How at each new war and invasion the Elves faded, and each loved the Elves less, until the Rъmhoth came—and they did not even believe they existed, and the Elves all fled, so that save for a few the isle was empty of the Elves for three hundred years.
(23) How Ingwл drank limpл at the hands of the Elves and reigned ages in Luthany.
How Eдrendel came to Luthany to find the Elves gone.
How Ingwл aided him, but was not suffered to go with him. Eдrendel blessed all his progeny as the mightiest sea-rovers of the world.16
How Ossл made war upon Ingwл because of Eдrendel, and Ing longing for the Elves set sail, and all were wrecked after being driven far east.
How Ing the immortal came among the Dani OroDбni Urdainoth East Danes.
How he became the half-divine king of the Ingwaiwar, and taught them many things of Elves and Gods, so that some true knowledge of the Gods and Elves lingered in that folk alone.
Part of another outline that does not belong with the foregoing passages but covers the same part of the narrative as (23) may be given here:
(24) Eдrendel takes refuge with [Ingwл] from the wrath of Ossл, and gives him a draught of limpл (enough to assure immortality). He gives him news of the Elves and the dwelling on Tol Eressлa.
Ingwл and a host of his folk set sail to find Tol Eressлa, but Ossл blows them back east. They are utterly wrecked. Only Ingwл rescued on a raft. He becomes king of the Angali, Euti, Saksani, and Firisandi,* who adopt the title of Ingwaiwar. He teaches them much magic and first sets men’s hearts to seafaring westward……
After a great [?age of rule] Ingwл sets sail in a little boat and is heard of no more.
It is clear that the intrusion of Luthany, and Ing(wл), into the conception has caused a movement in the story of Eдrendel: whereas in the older version he went to Tol Eressлa after the departure of the Eldar and Noldoli from the Great Lands (pp. 253, 255), now he goes to Luthany; and the idea of Ossл’s enmity towards Eдrendel (pp. 254, 263) is retained but brought into association with the origin of the Ingwaiwar.
It is clear that the narrative structure is:
– Ing(wл) King of Luthany.
– Eдrendel seeks refuge with him (after [many of] the Elves have departed to Tol Eressлa).
– Ing(wл) seeks Tol Eressлa but is driven into the East.
– Seven invasions of Luthany.
– The people of Ing(wл) are the Ingwaiwar, and they ‘come back to their own’ when they invade Luthany from across the North Sea.
(25) Luthany was where the tribes first embarked in the Lonely Isle for Valinor, and whence they landed for the Faring Forth,* whence [also] many sailed with Elwing to find Tol Eressлa.
That Luthany was where the Elves, at the end of the great journey from Palisor, embarked on the Lonely Isle for the Ferrying to Valinor, is probably to be connected with the statement in (20) that ‘Ingwл and Eдrendel dwelt in Luthany before it was an isle’.
(26) There are other references to the channel separating Luthany from the Great Lands: in rough jottings in notebook C there is mention of an isthmus being cut by the Elves, ‘fearing Men now that Ingwл has gone’, and ‘to the white cliffs where the silver spades of the Teleri worked’ also in the next citation.
(27) The Elves tell Жlfwine of the ancient manner of Luthany, of Kortirion or Gwarthyryn (Caer Gwвr),17 of Tavrobel.
How the fairies dwelt there a hundred ages before Men had the skill to build boats to cross the channel—so that magic lingers yet mightily in its woods and hills.
How they renamed many a place in Tol Eressлa after their home in Luthany. Of the Second Faring Forth and the fairies’ hope to reign in Luthany and replant there the magic trees—and it depends most on the temper of the Men of Luthany (since they first must come there) whether all goes well.
Notable here is the reference to ‘the Second Faring Forth’, which strongly supports my interpretation of the expression ‘Faring Forth’ in (18), (20), and (25); but the prophecy or hope of the Elves concerning the Faring Forth has been greatly changed from its nature in citation (6): here, the Trees are to be replanted in Luthany.
(28) How Жlfwine lands in Tol Eressлa and it seems to him like his own land made…….clad in the beauty of a happy dream. How the folk comprehended [his speech] and learn whence he is come by the favour of Ulmo. How he is sped to Kortirion.
With these two passages it is interesting to compare (9), the prose preface to Kortirion among the Trees, according to which Kortirion was a city built by the Elves in Tol Eressлa; and when Tol Eressлa was brought across the sea, becoming England, Kortirion was renamed in the tongue of the English Warwick (13). In the new story, Kortirion is likewise an ancient dwelling of the Elves, but with the change in the fundamental conception it is in Luthany; and the Kortirion to which Жlfwine comes in Tol Eressлa is the second of the name (being called ‘after their home in Luthany’). There has thus been a very curious transference, which may be rendered schematically thus: