nurses are verbally abused more Michelle Rowe and H. Sherlock, “Stress and Verbal Abuse . . . ”

“backbiting and unnecessary scrutiny” . . . “as my peers.” Alan H. Rosenstein and Michelle O’Daniel, “Impact and Implications . . .”

“nurses eat their young” J. E. Meissner, “Nurses: Are We Eating Our Young?” Nursing, March 1986.

practice festers . . . no nurse is immune. See, for example, Laura A. Stokowski. Interviews.

“There is a culture of treating” Interview.

nurse-on-nurse hostility . . . lateral violence. See, for example, “Workplace Violence: Assessing Occupational Hazards . . . ” Technically, experts say that “bullying” refers to repeated negative actions against a nurse by someone who has power over the victim, such as a charge nurse bullying a staff nurse, or an experienced nurse bullying a new graduate. Horizontal violence, by contrast, can characterize a single incident and occur without the hierarchy variable.

“back-door undermining . . . behaviors.” Alan H. Rosenstein and Michelle O’Daniel, “A Survey of the Impact . . .”

“being given an unmanageable . . . ” Shellie R. Simons, Roland B. Stark, and Rosanna F. DeMarco, “A New, Four-Item Instrument to Measure Workplace Bullying.” Research in Nursing and Health (2011).

“to stop talking . . . ” Cheryl Y. Woelfle and Ruth McCaffrey, “Nurse on Nurse,” Nursing Forum, July 2007.

“Nonverbal innuendo . . . a negative situation.” Martha Griffin; L. L. Veltman, “Disruptive Behavior in Obstetrics: A Hidden Threat to Patient Safety,”American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (June 2007).

gossip; ignore Janice E. Hurley, Nurse-to-Nurse Horizontal Violence: Recognizing it and Preventing It, NSNA Imprint, September/October 2006; E. Duffy, “Horizontal Violence: A Conundrum for Nursing,” The Collegian, April 1995; C. Dunbar, “Managers Can Prevent Incidents of Horizontal Violence,” AORN Management Connections, 2005; Cheryl A. Dellasega. Connections, 2005.

Several other behaviors fall . . . condescend AACN Position Statement, “Zero Tolerance for Abuse.”

belittle . . . exclude a nurse from socializing. See, for example, Janice E. Hurley et al.

when nurses give hints . . . monitoring a peer’s work. See, for example, Shellie Simons, “Workplace Bullying Experienced by Massachusetts Registered Nurses and the Relationship to Intention to Leave the Organization,” Advances in Nursing Science (April–June 2008).

“manipulating . . . to turn against a nurse.” Cheryl A. Dellasega.

Verbal sexual harassment . . . less prominently. See, for example, Curtis et al.

“sexual harassment . . . behaviour from patients.” Brian G. McKenna, “Experience Before and Throughout the Nursing Career.” Horizontal Violence: Experiences of Registered Nurses in Their First Year of Practice.

The Workplace Bullying Institute . . . “car she drives.” Gary and Ruth Namie, The Bully at Work, Sourcebooks, 2000.

“the Troll” or “Bitch on wheels.” Interviews.

higher body mass index Mika Kivimäki et al.

making fun of their clothes . . . Interviews.

“make themselves feel better . . .” Interview.

“Structural bullying” . . . problem in the field. S. Simons and B. Mawn, “Bullying in the Workplace—A Qualitative Study of Newly Licensed Registered Nurses,” American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal (July 2010).

more than one-third of nurse respondents . . . Brian G. McKenna.

Nurses report that charge nurses . . . sick days. See, for example, S. Simons and B. Mawn, “Bullying in the Workplace;” ANA’s “Bullying in the Workplace: Reversing a Culture.”

“During my first pregnancy . . .” S. Simons and B. Mawn.

Virginia nurse called in sick . . . “they’re going to.” Interview.

“core values” Interview.

a nurse was sent . . . policies on physicians. Interview.

“nurses create a kind of hierarchy . . .” “‘Thick Divide’ Still Exists Between Many ED Staffs,” Hospital Access Management, February 1, 2007.

“Real Nurse” Interviews.

LPNs See, for example, http://www.nursinglicensure.org/articles/lpn-versus-rn.html

rivalries among specialties Interviews.

psychiatric nurses “eccentric.” Interviews.

because her specialty is known Interview.

“They think we don’t work” Interview.

“People think I put Band-Aids” Interview.

“I think the public generally” Interview, Carolyn Duff.

“I will absolutely admit” Interview.

Reason they prefer . . . “dump and run” Interviews.

“We don’t like taking patients” Interview.

For approximately half Interviews.

“We don’t just take vitals.” Interview.

“It’s not safe to leave . . .” Interview.

Horizontal violence may be directed . . . See, for example, S. Simons and B. Mawn.

nurses have been targets because of their accents See, for example, Denise Cullen, “Nursing Initiative Pays Off,” Weekend Australian, January 15, 2011.

or ethnicity . . . per diem nurse See, for example, S. Simons and B. Mawn.

because they received . . . undeserved. See, for example, Cheryl A. Dellasega.

puts them at a disadvantage . . . Interview.

male doctors treat male nurses . . . Susan Strauss, “A Study on Physician Bullying as Gender Harassment to Female and Male Operating Room Nurses in Minnesota (Part I),” Minnesota Nursing Accent (September–October 2008).

“I think I have better relationships . . .” Interview.

he is disproportionately assigned . . . Interview.

“I’m not really involved . . .” Interview.

comes from cliques . . . See, for example, C. Rocker, “Addressing Nurse-to-Nurse Bullying to Promote Nurse Retention,” OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, August 29, 2008; Malcolm A. Lewis, “Will the Real Bully Please Stand Up,” Personnel Today, May 1, 2004.

“Misuse of power . . . vulnerability of both.” ANA’s “Bullying in the Workplace: Reversing a Culture.”

nurses have higher job See, for example, Shellie Simons, “Workplace Bullying Experienced . . .”; Michelle Rowe and H. Sherlock.

“Some places have . . .” Interview.

nurse was tormented . . . Interview.

“something straight out of Mean Girls . . .” Interview.

“subjected to a despotic set . . . comes out strong” “The Hospital Tyrants and Their Victims, the Nurses: What Doctors Say of the Oppression of Young Women in These Institutions,” The New York Times, August 22, 1909.

“the abominable outrages . . .” Ibid.

“with statements like, ‘This is typical’” E. Duffy.

In 1970, Brazilian philosopher . . . See, for example, Linda Kay Matheson and Kathleen Bobay, “Validation of Oppressed Group Behaviors in Nursing,” Journal of Professional Nursing (July–August 2007).

As group members are made Shellie Simons, “Workplace Bullying Experienced . . . ”

Because the oppressed group . . .“oppressed group behavior.” See, for example, Linda Kay Matheson and Kathleen Bobay.

because of a history of submissiveness . . . an oppressed group. See, for example, Linda Kay Matheson and Kathleen Bobay; Woelfle, Y. Cheryl; Janice E. Hurley.

“The culture of the healthcare setting . . .” Center for American Nurses (part of ANA). Lateral Violence and Bullying in the Workplace. Approved February 2008.

“Unfortunately, many nurses . . .” Michelle Rowe and H. Sherlock.