Hong Kong R.P.W. Kwok, “Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Nurses in Hong Kong,” Hong Kong Medical Journal, February 2006.

Canada Lucie Lemelin, Jean-Pierre Bonin and Andre Duquette, “Workplace Violence Reported by Canadian Nurses,” Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, September 2009.

In 2010, a nurse in India committed suicide “Mamata Suicide Case: Nurses Set Deadline to Nab Doc,” The Times of India, February 16, 2010.

In Korea, a 2013 survey . . . “Half the Nurses Suffer from Sexual Harassment.” Korea Times, February 26, 2013.

the more abuse that nurses experience . . . Laurie Scudder, “Physician Abuse as Reported by Early Career Nurses,” Viewpoints, Medscape Nurses, September 20, 2013.

a link between doctors’ intimidation and poor nurse satisfaction See The Joint Commission. “Behaviors that Undermine a Culture of Safety,” Sentinel Event Alert 40, July 9, 2008.

most nurses don’t speak out See, for example, David Maxfield et al. “The Silent Treatment: Why Safety Tools and Checklist Aren’t Enough to Save Lives.” VitalSmarts, AORN, and AACN.

Nurses are afraid to report doctors . . . “Workplace Violence: Assessing Occupational Hazards and Identifying Strategies for Prevention, Part 1,” a CE Home Study Course by National Nurse, January-February 2012.

a male travel nurse . . . saw cardiologist Abdul Shadani . . . Reed Abelson and Julie Creswell, “Hospital Chain Inquiry Cited Unnecessary Cardiac Work,” The New York Times, August 6, 2012.

“Sir, what are we going to fix?” . . . inserted the stent. Ibid.

Soon after Tomlinson reported . . . including several other unnecessary procedures. Ibid.

Shadani still works at Lawnwood. Author’s 2014 phone call to Lawnwood Regional Medical Center and Heart Institute.

In 2009, two Texas nurses filed . . . that risked patient health See, for example, “New State Law Bans Anonymous Complaints Against Physicians,” FierceHealthcare, September 20, 2011.

taking hospital supplies to perform at-home procedures See, for example, Betsy Blaney, “APNewsBreak: Ex-County Lawyer’s License Suspended,” February 2, 2012.

pushing patients to purchase herbal supplements that he conveniently sold on the side. See, for example, “Editorial,” The New York Times, February 10, 2010.

sewing a rubber scissor tip to a patient’s thumb See “Justice Doesn’t Always Have Happy Ending,” Austin American-Statesman, October 7, 2011.

using an unapproved olive oil solution on a patient . . . failing to diagnose a case of appendicitis See, for example, Kevin Sack, “Doctor Arrested in Whistle-Blowing Case,” The New York Times, December 23, 2010.

performing a skin graft without surgical privileges Ibid.

When the board informed Arafiles . . . his supplement business. “Medical Justice, West Texas–Style,” The New York Times, February 10, 2010.

Arafiles tracked down contact information for the patients listed in the complaint See, for example, “Former Winkler County Memorial Hospital Physician Sentenced for Scheme to Fire Nurses in 2009.” States News Service, November 7, 2011.

and gave it to the sheriff, who got hold of them Kevin Sack, “Sheriff Charged in Texas Whistle-Blowing Case,” The New York Times, January 15, 2011.

to determine the nurses’ identities . . . found the letter. Ibid.

A hospital administrator fired both nurses Ibid.

who had not signed their letter because they feared . . . retaliation. Rick Casey, “Justice, Injustice are Served,” Houston Chronicle, August 13, 2010.

after months of unsuccessful attempts . . . Betsy Blaney, “Nurse Testifies Talks on Doc’s Cases Delayed Often,” the Associated Press State and Local Wire, June 8, 2011.

charging them with “misuse of official information” . . . Editorial, The New York Times, February 10, 2010.

Charges against one of the nurses See, for example, Betsy Blaney, “Ex-County Lawyer’s License Suspended,” APNewsBreak, February 2, 2012.

filed a federal lawsuit . . . won a $750,000 settlement Ibid.

the sheriff, who lost his license . . . one-hundred days in jail Ibid.

county attorney, who was sentenced to ten years’ probation “Retaliation case merits stiff sanction,” San Antonio Express-News, February 10, 2012.

Arafiles pleaded guilty . . . five years’ probation See, for example, Betsy Blaney, “Texas Doctor Pleads Guilty in Retaliation Case,” The Associated Press, November 7, 2011.

As part of his plea agreement, he surrendered his medical license Texas Medical Board. Public Verification/Physician Profile; Ibid.

charging him with several additional violations of improperly treating patients and intimidating the nurses . . . monitored by another doctor Mary Ann Roser, “New Texas Law Bans Anonymous Complaints about Docs.” The Associated Press State and Local Wire, September 20, 2011.

Texas Legislature passed a bill . . . “Justice Doesn’t Always Have Happy Ending.”

and protecting those nurses from criminal liability. Betsy Blaney, February 2, 2012.

In 2011, another Texas law . . . “New State Law Bans Anonymous Complaints Against Physicians,” FierceHealthcare, September 20, 2011.

An examination of policies and calls Calls to every state nursing board. Arizona would be a forty-second state, but its policy is hazy. A spokesperson said, “The Arizona Board of Nursing does accept anonymous complaints, but the contact info of the complainant needs to be given to the assigned investigator. The complaint remains anonymous to the nurse.”

a nonpartisan Texas citizen advocacy organization http://www.texaswatch.org/about.

“It is shameful that nurses . . .” Interview with Alex Winslow by Eaves.

“intimidating and disruptive behaviors” The Joint Commission, “Behaviors That Undermine a Culture of Safety.”

afraid the doctor will yell at them See, for example, Alan H. Rosenstein and Michelle O’Daniel, “A Survey of the Impact of Disruptive Behaviors and Communication Defects on Patient Safety,” The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 34, no. 8, August 2008; Interviews.

Nurses have reported . . . confrontation with a physician Alan Rosenstein and Michelle O’Daniel, “Impact and Implications of Disruptive Behavior in the Perioperative Arena.”

Approximately half of surveyed respondents . . .“intimidation clearly played a role.” “Unresolved disrespectful behavior in healthcare.” ISMP Medication Safety Alert. October 3, 2013; ISMP Medication Safety Alert: Intimidation: Practitioners Speak Up About this Unresolved Problem (Part I).” March 11, 2004.

many OR nurses are too intimidated See David Maxfield et al.

Despite mandatory safety protocols like checklists . . . See, for example, Julia Edwards, “Nurses Afraid to Speak Up When Doctors Slip Up,” The National Journal, March 23, 2011.

more than 80 percent of nurses . . . “and disrespect” at their hospitals. “New research shows communication breakdowns in hospitals undercut the effectiveness of safety tools and negatively impact patient outcomes,” AORN/Vital Smarts press release, March 22, 2011.

Of the nurses who admitted . . . 83 percent did not report the violation See David Maxfield et al.

Rhode Island Hospital in 2007. . . which side was correct Michelle R. Smith, “Brain Surgery Errors Rack Up at Prestigious R.I. Hospital.” The Virginian-Pilot, December 15, 2007.

most likely to jeopardize patient safety Carla Johnson, “Group Calls for Zero Tolerance of Doctor Bullies.” Associated Press Online, July 9, 2008. For more information on these issues, see Shellie Simons, Roland B. Stark, and Rosanna F. DeMarco, “A New, Four-Item Instrument to Measure Workplace Bullying.” Research in Nursing and Health 34 (2011). See also Arminee Kazanjian, Carolyn Green, Jennifer Wong, and Robert Reid, “Effect of the Hospital Nursing Environment on Patient Mortality: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Health Services Research and Policy 10, no. 2 (April 2005).