Trying to restore a modicum of seriousness, Bian said to Don, "As an expert on Iraq, what do you make of this exchange of information between Daniels and Charabi?"
Don swallowed a few times and regained his composure. He turned to Bian and said, "Be more specific." Prick.
Bian replied, "Were you aware Daniels was giving Charabi this secret?"
"No."
"Was this… officially sanctioned?"
"Why ask me? I thought that's what you and Drummond-"
"It was not sanctioned," Phyllis quickly interjected. "The Director alone had authority to bless this release."
I turned to Phyllis. "And you're sure he didn't?"
"Better yet, he's sure."
"Who knew we broke the Iranian code?" Bian asked. "After all, a breakthrough of such vital sensitivity and intelligence value… wasn't this compartmentalized?"
"Of course it was." Phyllis explained, "A small team from the National Security Agency handled the deciphering, and from within the Agency we handpicked a small cell to manage the use of the fruits."
Don added, "Decoded interpretations of the transcripts were hand-delivered by an Agency courier to a military exploitation cell in Baghdad. But the military, including this exploitation cell, were kept in the blind about where, or how, this knowledge was obtained. They didn't need to know where it came from to know how to use it."
Don, anticipating our next question, informed us, "And no… Daniels was not read on, nor was he part of this operation. Nor did he have the security clearance to be in the loop."
I thought about that a moment. I asked, "Do you know for sure that Charabi revealed this news to the Iranians?"
Don studied me for a moment. Eventually he said, "You think like a lawyer. You're wondering if the cocked pistol was actually fired, if there is a victim, if there was a crime."
He turned to Phyllis, who nodded. He informed us, "About three months back, we saw… yes… there were definite signs of compromise, that the Iranians knew what we were up to. But frankly, we were in disbelief. At first. We had no idea how this could have happened."
"And now you know. Describe these signs."
"Ask another question."
"All right. These signs-they were irrefutable?"
After a moment, Don replied, "Yes."
"How? Why?"
"You're probing into areas that are… Look, for the purpose of your investigation, you don't need to know about this. Okay? It was a huge loss. Leave it at that."
"Got it."
"Good. The point is-"
"Why was it a huge loss?"
"You don't back off, do you?" He looked at Phyllis, who nodded again. He turned back to me and said, "Okay, I'll tell you this much. Because the Iranians had, and still have, their fingers deeply inside Iraq. It's a long, porous border with smugglers' routes that have existed for a thousand years. They've been moving large amounts of money, weapons, and people to various Shiite parties and factions. Put two Army divisions on that border and it wouldn't make a dent. They can't be stopped physically. Just electronically."
"And using these decoded transcripts you were tracking all this?"
"Yes… were. Once they learned their code was compromised, they've taken the appropriate steps and devised an alternative communications structure that, so far, has been foolproof." He looked at Bian. "You have a combat patch. You were there, right? I think you appreciate firsthand how invaluable this information was, militarily and politically."
Bian leaned back in her chair and thought about this. Eventually, she leaned forward and said, "The timing…" She paused. "This disclosure occurred near the start of the Shiite uprising, right?"
Don nodded. "None of Daniels's messages are dated. You know that. However, this message was sandwiched between e-mails that place it within a few weeks-perhaps days-before Muqtada al-Sadr's Shiite uprising. In fact-"
"In fact, that's enough on that topic," Phyllis interrupted.
Don and Phyllis exchanged quick glances. An important piece of this story was being withheld, and I wondered what that part was. More important, why were Bian and I being kept out of the loop?
You can go crazy asking yourself these questions with these people-they won't even tell their own kids where they hid the Easter eggs.
Anyway, Don shifted gears and began speaking extemporaneously, without questions or prompting, which was sort of refreshing. Clearly he was an expert on this subject, and he offered us a rich and fairly informative tutorial about the shifting situation on the ground in Iraq.
Essentially, within a year after the invasion, the country had become embroiled in a civil war-more accurately, several concurrent civil wars-between Shiites and Shiites, between Shiites and Sunnis, between Sunnis who wanted to return to Baathist ways, Sunnis with different designs, and three or four splinter groups that nobody understood, probably including themselves. Tossed into that potpourri were foreigners pouring across Iraq's borders because it was a shooting gallery with American troops as targets. In short, what we had was Uncle Sam trying to put together a jigsaw puzzle with pieces that didn't fit together and that wouldn't sit still.
I interrupted at one point and asked, "So what's the problem between these Shiites and Sunnis? They're all Muslims, right? Don't they believe in the same faith?"
Don looked like he could not believe I asked this. "Yes, they are all Muslims. The theological differences are small, almost irrelevant. For all Muslims, Mohammed is the prophet who received the word of God from the angel Gabriel and gave it to his people. The major differences stem from after Mohammed died, over who should inherit his mantle. His cousin Ali or his best friend, Abu Bakr. The Shiites believe only Mohammed's bloodline can be caliphs, and the Sunnis believe it was Mohammed's intent to pass it to Abu Bakr. Over this issue, the Muslims divided into two opposing sects, each side accusing the other of perverting Islam, of being apostates. Eventually, the first leader of the Shiites, Husayn, and his followers were killed by Sunnis in a battle in Iraq. Clear?"
"No."
"The Shiites believe the twelfth iman, the last iman, will return to earth from a cave to rule a perfect godly society. For the Sunnis their holy city is Mecca, in Saudi Arabia. For the Shiites the most holy shrines are in Najaf and Karbala, in Iraq. In the seventh century, when Husayn and his Shia followers were slain by the Sunnis, the schism became a blood feud. Only a tenth of the world's Muslims are Shia, and embedded in their beliefs is a lot of minority anger, the sense of always being repressed by Sunnis, of being part of a religion shaped from injustice. So it remains."
I looked at him and said, "So this is like a family feud over the old man's inheritance."
Don did not seem impressed by my clever simplification, and he instructed me, "It's no less significant, and no more meaningful, than the feuds that divided Christianity and produced countless wars in Europe. Papal power, the right to divorce, theological interpretations- there are many issues that divide even our faith. Except for one thing: The Muslim schism never subsided, never softened, never healed." He then shifted back to his larger discussion.
Don eventually summarized, saying, "I explain this so you'll understand the meaning… the full scope of what Daniels gave Charabi, and the relevance of what the Iranians offered in return. As you might suspect, Iranian intelligence has been keeping a close eye on Iraq's Sunni community. Bear in mind that under Saddam-a Sunni-Iran and Iraq fought a bloody seven-year war. The Iranians do not want another Sunni to rise to the top."
He paused to see if we had any questions. We did not.
He continued, "Also understand that Iranian intelligence has an excellent read on what's happening inside Iraq. It's their primary collection target, they live next door, they're more culturally savvy than we are, and they've invested decades developing and refining their sources, particularly among their Iraqi Shia coreligionists. So it's not just losing insights into what Iranian agents were doing inside Iraq, it's also getting their take on what's happening in a country they know better than us." He let that sink in, then said, "Losing that window was… well, it still is an intelligence catastrophe."