CROMWELL, OLIVER: 1599-1658. Parliamentary leader, general of the anti-Royalist forces during the English Civil War, scourge of Ireland, and leading man of England during the Commonwealth, or Interregnum.

CROMWELL, ROGER: 1626-1712. Son and (until the Restoration) successor of his much more formidable father, Oliver.

EAUZE, CLAUDE: see d’Ozoir, Marquis.

ELEANOR, PRINCESS OFSAXE-EISENACH: d. 1696. Mother (by her first husband, the Margrave of Ansbach) of Caroline, Princess of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Late in life, married to the Elector of Saxony.

ELISABETHCHARLOTTE: 1652-1722. Liselotte, La Palatine. Known as Madame in the French court. Daughter of Charles Louis, Elector Palatinate, and niece of Sophie. Married Philippe, duc d’Orleans, the younger brother of Louis XIV. Spawned the House of Orleans.

EPSOM, EARL OF: see Comstock, John.

FREDERICKV, ELECTORPALATINATE: 1596-1632. King of Bohemia (“Winter King”) briefly in 1618, lived and died in exile during the Thirty Years’ War. Father of many princes, electors, duchesses, etc., including Sophie.

FREDERICKWILLIAM, ELECTOR OFBRANDENBURG: 1620- 1688. Known as the Great Elector. After the Thirty Years’ War created a standing professional army, small but effective. By playing the great powers of the day (Sweden, France, and the Hapsburgs) against each other, consolidated the scattered Hohenzollern fiefdoms into a coherent state, Brandenburg-Prussia.

DEGEX: A petty-noble family of Jura, which dwindled until the early seventeenth century, when the two surviving children of Henry, Sieur de Gex (1595-1660), Francis and Louise-Anne, each married a member of the more sanguine family de Crepy. The children of Francis carried on the de Gex name. Their youngest was Edouard de Gex. The children of Louise-Anne included Anne Marie de Crepy (later duchesse d’Oyonnax) and Charlotte Adelaide de Crepy (later marquise d’Ozoir).

DEGEX, FATHEREDOUARD: 1663-. Youngest offspring of Marguerite Diane de Crepy (who died giving birth to him) and Francis de Gex, who was thirty-eight years old and in declining health. Raised at a school and orphanage in Lyons by Jesuits, who found in him an exceptionally gifted pupil. Became a Jesuit himself at the the age of twenty. Was posted to Versailles, where he became a favorite of Mademoiselle. de Maintenon.

GREATELECTOR: see Frederick William.

GUNFLEET, DUKE OF: see Anglesey, Thomas More.

GWYN, NELL: 1650-1687. Fruit retailer and comedienne, one of the mistresses of Charles II.

HAM, THOMAS: 1603-. Money-goldsmith, husband of Mayflower Waterhouse, leading man of Ham Bros. Goldsmiths. Created Earl of Walbrook by Charles II.

HAM, WILLIAM: 1662-. Son of Thomas and Mayflower.

HENRIETTAANNE: 1644-1670. Sister of Charles II and James II of England, first wife of Philippe, duc d’Orleans, Louis XIV’s brother.

HENRIETTAMARIA: 1609-1669. Sister of King Louis XIII of France, wife of King Charles I of England, mother of Charles II and James II of England.

HOOKE, ROBERT: 1635-1703. Artist, linguist, astronomer, geometer, microscopist, mechanic, horologist, chemist, optician, inventor, philosopher, botanist, anatomist, etc. Curator of Experiments for the Royal Society, Surveyor of London after the fire. Friend and collaborator of Christopher Wren.

HUYGENS, CHRISTIAAN: 1629-1695. Great Dutch astronomer, horologist, mathematician, and physicist.

HYDE, ANNE: 1637-1671. First wife of James, Duke of York (later James II). Mother of two English queens: Mary (of William and Mary) and Anne.

JAMESIOF ENGLAND: 1566-1625. First Stuart king of England.

JAMESIIOF ENGLAND: 1633-1701. Duke of York for much of his early life. Became King of England upon the death of his brother in 1685. Deposed in the Glorious Revolution, late 1688-early 1689.

JAMESVIOF SCOTLAND: see James I of England.

JEFFREYS, GEORGE: 1645-1689. Welsh gentleman, lawyer, solicitor general to the Duke of York, lord chief justice, and later lord chancellor under James II. Created Baron Jeffreys of Wem in 1685.

JOHANNFRIEDRICH: 1620-1679. Duke of Braunschweig-Luneburg, book collector, a patron of Leibniz.

JOHNFREDERICK: see Johann Friedrich.

KEROUALLE, LOUISE DE: 1649-1734. Duchess of Portsmouth. One of the mistresses of Charles II.

KETCH, JACK: Name given to executioners.

LAVARDAC: A branch of the Bourbon family producing various hereditary dukes and peers of France, including the duc d’Arcachon(see).

LEFEBURE: French alchemist/apothecary who moved to London at the time of the Restoration to provide services to the Court.

LEIBNIZ, GOTTFRIEDWILHELM: 1646-1716. Refer to novel.

LESTRANGE, SIRROGER: 1616-1704. Royalist pamphleteer and (after the Restoration) Surveyor of the Imprimery, hence chief censor for Charles II. Nemesis of Milton. Translator.

LEWIS, HUGH: 1625-. General. Created Duke of Tweed by Charles II after the Restoration, in recognition of his crossing the River Tweed with his regiment (thenceforth called the Coldstream Guards) in support of the resurgent monarchy. The L in Charles II’s CABAL (which see).

LISELOTTE: seeElisabeth Charlotte.

LOCKE, JOHN: 1632-1704. Natural Philosopher, physician, political advisor, philosopher.

DEMAINTENON, MME.: 1635-1719. Mistress, then second and last wife of Louis XIV.

MARY: 1662-1694. Daughter of James II and Anne Hyde. After the Glorious Revolution (1689), Queen of England with her husband, William of Orange.

MARY OFMODENA: 1658-1718. Second and last wife of James II of England. Mother of James Stuart, aka “the Old Pretender.”

MAURICE: 1621-1652. One of the numerous princely offspring of the Winter Queen. Active as a Cavalier in the English Civil War.

dEMESMES, JEAN-ANTOINE: see d’Avaux.

MINETTE: see Henrietta Anne.

MONMOUTH, DUKE OF(JAMESSCOTT): 1649-1685. Bastard of Charles II by one Lucy Walter.

MORAY, ROBERT: c. 1608-1673. Scottish soldier, official, and courtier, a favorite of Charles II. Early Royal Society figure, probably instrumental in securing the organization’s charter.

NEWTON, ISAAC: 1642-1727. Refer to novel.

OLDENBURG, HENRY: 1615-1677. Emigrant from Bremen. Secretary of the Royal Society, publisher of the Philosophical Transactions, prolific correspondent.

D’OYONNAX, ANNEMARIE DECREPY, DUCHESSE: 1653-. Lady in Waiting to the Dauphine, Satanist, poisoner.

D’OZOIR, CHARLOTTEADELAIDE DECREPY, MARQUISE: 1656-. Wife of Claude Eauze, Marquis d’Ozoir.

D’OZOIR, CLAUDEEAUZE, MARQUIS: 1650-. Illegitimate son of Louis-Francois de Lavardac, duc d’Arcachon, by a domestic servant, Luce Eauze. Traveled to India in late 1660s as part of ill-fated French East India Company expedition. In 1674, when noble titles went on sale to raise funds for the Dutch war, he purchased the title Marquis d’Ozoir using a loan from his father secured by revenues from his slaving operations in Africa.

PENISTONE, COUNT: see Bolstrood, Knott.

PEPYS, SAMUEL: 1633-1703. Clerk, Administrator to the Royal Navy, Member of Parliament, Fellow of the Royal Society, diarist, man about town.

PETERS, HUGH: 1598-1660. Fulminant Puritan preacher. Spent time in Holland and Massachusetts, returned to England, became Cromwell’s chaplain. Poorly thought of by Irish for his involvement with massacres at Drogheda and Wexford. For his role in the regicide of Charles I, executed by Jack Ketch, using a knife, in 1660.

PHILIPPE, DUC D’ORLEANS: 1640-1701. Younger brother of King Louis XIV of France. Known as Monsieur to the French Court. Husband first of Henrietta Anne of England, later of Liselotte. Progenitor of the House of Orleans.

PORTSMOUTH, DUCHESS OF: see Keroualle, Louise de.

QWGHLM: Title bestowed on Eliza by William of Orange.