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Apollodorus
Книга "The Library of Greek Mythology"
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Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0X2 6DP Oxford Univer...
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0X2 6DP Oxford University ...
OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS For over 100 years Oxford World’s Classi...
OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS APOLLODORUS ...
The Library of Greek Mythology ...
OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS THE LIBRARY OF GREEK MYTHOLOGY ...
CONTENTS Introduction Note on the...
INTRODUCTION THE Libraryof Apollodorus is a...
NOTE ON THE TEXT AND TRANSLATION ALL surviving man...
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Editions and...
THE LIBRARY OF GREEK MYTHOLOGY ...
CONTENTS THE original text of the Libraryco...
GENEALOGICAL TABLES The following tables cover the six main fami...
BOOK I 1. Theogony ...
BOOK II 4. Early Argive mythology (the Inachids,...
BOOK III 6. Cretan and Theban mythology (the Ina...
EPITOME 1Thirdly, he killed at Crommyon the sow known as ...
APPENDIX SOME INTERPOLATIONS AND AN UNRELIABLE P...
EXPLANATORY NOTES References:these are included either to...
Ouranos. . . Ge: respectively the Sky and the Earth (who was also referred to as Gaia,...
the Cyclopes: cf. Theog. 139 ff.; named the ‘Round-Eyed’ because of their singl...
in Hades: here used in a loose sense to refer to the Underworld as a whole. In the ear...
who had been thrown into Tartaros: only the Cyclopes and Hundred-Handers; Hesiod’s acc...
adamantine: made of adamant, a mythical metal of extreme hardness. ...
from the drops of blood that flowed out: from those that fell on Ge, the Earth, causin...
Mount Dicte: in most sources Mount Ida, in Theog. 484, Aigaion; Dicte only in H...
Curetes: Cretan semi-divinities associated with fertility; estimates of their number v...
Amaltheia: either a nymph with a she-goat (see p. 89 and note) or the goat itself, as ...
Metis: personifies practical or cunning intelligence. In Theog. 494 ff., where ...
a helmet: this leather helmet or cap makes its wearer invisible. It will be used by Pe...
they shared power: following Il. 15. 187 ff. ...
Pluto over the halls of Hades: Pluto, ‘the Wealthy One’, was a ritual title for Hades,...
Oceanides: the daughters of Oceanos and Tethys, who were nymphs of springs and groves....
Nice, Cratos, Zelos, and Bia: abstractions signifying Victory, Power, Emulation, and F...
oaths: specifically the oaths of the gods. ...
Pontos: a personification of the Sea. Ap. offers no genealogy; in Theog. 132 ff...
Nereids: beautiful sea nymphs, usually said to be fifty in number, who lived with thei...
Hebe, Eileithuia, and Ares: respectively, the personification of youth (who performed ...
Eirene, Eunomia, and Dice: the Horai, Seasons, were associated with the seasons of gro...
by Dione he had Aphrodite: as in Il. 5. 370 f.; but in Theog. 188 ff. Ap...
by Styx, Persephone: the river encircling Hades is a suitable mother for a goddess clo...
Linos: see p. 71, a musician like his brother Orpheus. ...
persuaded Pluto: he is said to have enchanted Persephone and/or Pluto with his singing...
Maenads: women possessed by Bacchic frenzy (see pp. 102 f.); in most accounts they are...
Cleio . . . Adonis: when Cleio mocked Aphrodite for falling in love with a mortal, Aph...
the first man to love other males: Laios, p. 104, and Minos, p. 97, are other contende...
But Hyacinthos. . . a discus: it was sometimes said that the West (or North) Wind also...
challenged the Muses: cf. Il. 2. 594 ff. ...
Rhesos. . . at Troy: see Il. 10. 435 ff. and [Eur.] Rhesos. ...
Corybantes: semi-divine beings who attended deities with orgiastic rites, associated p...
Hera . . . by Zeus: Hera calls him a son of Zeus in Il. 14. 338 f; but in Hesio...
Zeus threw him down . . . to his rescue: in Il. 1. 590 ff, Hephaistos is said t...
Ge: inserted by Heyne; without this addition, the text would indicate that Metis herse...
near the River Triton: see p. 123 and note. ...
a city. . . called Delos: i.e. the island of Delos; its previous name is also given as...
Themis: a personification of law and the right; on the presiding figures at Delphi bef...
chasm: said to be the source of exhalations which inspired the Delphic priestesses to ...
Pytho: Delphi. ...
Tityos suffers punishment: cf. Od. 11. 576 ff. On his death, cf. Pind. P...
disfigured her face: according to Hyg. 165, Hera and Aphrodite made fun of her when sh...
to do the same: as a wind instrument, his flute must be blown from the right end. On M...
blinded him: according to the fuller story in Parthen. 20 and Catast. 32, Orion...
of Hephaistos: added by Heyne (but Ap. may have assumed that the reader would understa...
with Ares: Aphrodite’s lover, hence her anger. ...
shot by Artemis: in Od. 5. 121 ff. Artemis killed him because she and the other...
Opis: Opis (or Upis), and Arge, another representative of this legendary northern race...
Rhode: a personification of the island of Rhodes, where there was a notable cult of th...
abducted her: see Ap.’s main source, the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, for further d...
bearing torches: these played a significant role in the ritual associated with the Ele...
Hermion: not in the Hymn, but appropriate because there was said to be a chasm ...
Thesmophoria: an autumn festival celebrated by women in honour of Demeter to ensure fe...
Praxithea: presumably Demophon’s nurse. In the Hymn(242 ff.) Metaneira keeps wa...
revealed her identity: and promised to teach the Eleusinians her rites (HH Dem....
she gave him wheat: knowledge of agriculture was revealed by Demeter at Eleusis and sp...
Kore: ‘the Maiden’, a cultic title for Persephone as worshipped in conjunction with he...
a pomegranate seed to eat: a visitor who takes food in the other world is obliged to s...
Ascalaphos. . . bore witness against her: not in the Hymn, where Persephone her...
a third of every year: cf. HH Dem. 398 ff. The agricultural significance is evi...
conceived by Ouranos: from the blood that dripped from his severed genitals, see p. 27...
thyrsos: a staff with a fir-cone ornament at the head, carried by Dionysos and others ...
Nisyron: this explains the origin of Nisyros, a small island south of Cos; it was part...
Gration: probably corrupt, but the proposed corrections are uncertain; perhaps Aigaion...
Typhon: Hesiod offers a rather different account of his struggle with Zeus, in ...
a hundred dragons’ heads: following Theog. 824 ff, but in a confused manner, fo...
took flight to Egypt: the following story, first attested for Pindar (fr. 81 Bowra), e...
Aigipan: ‘Goat-Pan’; some saw him as Pan himself in his quality as a goat, others as a...
ephemeral fruits: nothing further is known of them, but their effect is clearly the op...
blood: haimain Greek, hence the name of Mount Haimos. ...
eruptions of fire: cf. Pind. Pyth. 1. 15 ff., [Aesch.] PV363 ff., and la...
fashioned men: not attested before the fourth century; in earlier sources, Prometheus ...
fennel: the narthex or giant fennel (a relative of the British cow-parsley), whose sta...
as we will show: see p. 83. ...
Pandora . . . the first woman: described by Hesiod as a ‘beautiful evil’ (Theog...
the race of bronze: see Hes. WD143 ff., where the members of this violent primo...
laoi ... a stone: the same etymology is implied in Pind. ol. 9. 44–6; the two w...
the Graicoi he named Hellenes: here the Hellenes are a Greek people who lived in south...
opposite the Peloponnese: i.e. north of the Corinthian Gulf; specifically the small re...
halcyon: a fabulous bird that nests by, or on, the sea during the halcyon days of wint...
sea-swallow: or tern, for the ceux, a poetical bird of uncertain identity. Ap.’...
known as the Aloads: ‘sons of Aloeus’ (for Aloeus was their putative father as the hus...
a cubit. . . a fathom: the English equivalents for the ancient measurements representi...
Ossa . . . Olympos . . . Pelion: tall mountains in the coastal region of Thessaly. Thi...
imprisoned Ares: in a bronze jar, for thirteen months, and he would have died if the A...
met their death on Naxos: according to Od. 11. 318 they were killed by Apollo, ...
killed Apis, son of Phoroneus: according to P. 5. 1. 8, this Apis was an Arcadian and ...
the land of the Curetes: these Curetes, the aboriginal inhabitants of Aetolia (and Aca...
Evenos had a daughter. . . chasing after him: Homer mentions that Idas drew his bow ag...
Messene: the land of Messenia, in the south-western Peloponnese, lying to the west of ...
Sterope . . . to Acheloos: probably following Hes. Cat.;later authors tended to...
the first to receive a vine plant from Dionysos: a story in Hyg. 129 would explain thi...
for jumping over the ditch: an allusion to a lost story. (Some point to the death of R...
placed it in a chest: Bacchylides in the fifth century (5. 140 ff.) is the earliest su...
To hunt this boar: on Meleager and the boar see also Il. 9. 529 ff. (without an...
with a woman: on Atalante see also p. 116 and note. ...
the sons of Thestios: see p. 39 for their names. Thestios, the brother of Meleager’s m...
said by some: this alternative account is largely based on Il. 9. 547 ff. (alth...
transformed into birds: a later element in the story, often thought to be of Hellenist...
sent her. . . to Oineus: cf. DS 4. 35. 1 f. ...
the sons of Melas: Melas was another brother of Oineus, p. 39. ...
killed his own brother: according to Pherecydes (sc. Il. 14. 120) Tydeus attack...
Diomedes: the son of Tydeus remained in Argos, became one of the Epigoni, p. 112, and ...
Thersites: familiar from the Iliad, 2. 212 ff. (but in Homer he is not of noble...
parch the wheat-grain: roast it over a fire, killing the seed. ...
together with . . . Helle: the eponym of the Hellespont (‘the Sea of Helle’, see below...
the wrath of Hera: because Athamas and Ino (who was also driven mad) had taken in the ...
Athamantia: a. plain in southern Thessaly (cf. AR 2. 514). ...
Ephyra, now known as Corinth: the exact location of Ephyra—the home of Sisyphos that l...
who killed the. . . Chimaera: see p. 64; the full story is deferred because he was exi...
punishment in Hades: Homer describes it, Od. 11. 593 ff., but does not explain ...
Dawn . . . carried him off: for Cephalos and Procris, see p. 134; the Cephalos associa...
but of Cynortas: to give the father of Tyndareus (an important figure in the Laconian ...
Seriphos: a rocky island in the south-eastern Aegean, later of proverbial insignifican...
founded a city: called Salmone (Strabo 7. 3. 31); Elis was in the north-west Peloponne...
Poseidon had intercourse with her: see Od. 11. 235 ff. ...
Pelias: so called because he had been left with a livid or black-and-blue mark ...
Sidero: see DS 4. 68. 2, she married Salmoneus after the death of Tyro’s mother, Alcid...
in Messene, he founded Pylos: Nestor’s ‘sandy Pylos’ ( Il. 9. 295 etc.) lay in ...
he was killed by Heracles: for his attack on Pylos, see p. 87. The story of Periclymen...
purified his ears: snakes, as chthonic creatures, are naturally associated with prophe...
could understand. . . the birds flying overhead: the interpretation of bird-flights wa...
Phylacos: for his birth, see p. 44; Phylace lay in south-eastern Thessaly. ...
Melampous promised his assistance: the basic elements of the following story can be fo...
gelding lambs . . . took fright: in Pherecydes’ version (sc. Od. 11, 287), his ...
scraped off the rust. . . in a drink: because the rust comes from the instrument that ...
the women of Argos mad: see p. 63 (where this story is combined with the story of the ...
Apollo mas serving him: for the circumstances, see pp. 119—20. Apollo performs the fol...
coils of snakes: as creatures of the earth, they are portents of death; hence the favo...
Kore sent her back: out of pity and admiration for her self-sacrifice (cf. Plato ...
Heracles fought with Hades for her: as in Eur. Alcestis(although the theme goes...
Pelias. . . succeeded Cretheus: Jason’s father, Aison, might have been expected to suc...
the wrath of Hera: for its cause, see p. 45; Medea will return from Colchis with Jason...
the golden fleece: for its origins see p. 43. ...
Colchis: a land south of the Caucasus at the eastern end of the Black Sea; a remote ar...
the Argo after its builder: it is likely that its name was originally derived from the...
Dodona: an ancient oracle of Zeus at Epirus in north-western Greece (known to Homer, ...
they set out to sea: for further details on all the following, see Ap.’s main source, ...
Polyphemos: a Lapith from Thessaly, who is said by Homer, Il. 1. 264 ff., to ha...
snatched away by nymphs: Hylas was drawn into the spring by a water-nymph (AR 1. 1228 ...
There they abandoned Heracles. . . leader of the Argonauts: the initial narrative foll...
by Boreas . . . their stepmother: see p. 135 and note. ...
the Harpies: for their parentage see p. 29, cf. Theog. 265 ff. The meaning of t...
failed to catch those they pursued: so here both of them die, because the Harpies fall...
Ocypode according to Hesiod: not in Theog. 267, where the Harpies are called Ae...
Strophades: these islands, which lie to the west of the Peloponnese opposite Messenia,...
in the Argonautica: see 2. 284 ff. Iris (who was the messenger of the gods, but was ac...
that Cadmos had sowed at Thebes: see p. 100; not of course the same teeth, but half of...
a potion: see AR 3. 844 ff; extracted from the Colchicum, or autumn crocus, which came...
he put them under the yoke: on the bulls and their yoking by Jason, see also Pind. ...
murdered her brother: Ap. prefers an earlier and more primitive version of this story ...
Tomoi: meaning ‘Pieces’; on the western shore of the Black Sea. ...
past the Ligurian and Celtic peoples: cf. AR 4. 646 f. In AR (592 ff.) they sail from ...
Aiaie: a mythical island, cf. Od. 10. 135 ff. Although Homer placed her island ...
to counter their own: as the finest of singers himself, p. 30, Orpheus could reasonabl...
the island of the Phaeacians: see Od. 6–8; here identified with Corcyra, now Co...
a violent storm: the Argonauts encounter a storm in AR also when they leave Phaeacia, ...
Anaphe: its name is traced to the way in which it ‘appeared’ (from anaphainein)...
make jokes: see AR 4. 1720 ff.; the story explains why the local women directed obscen...
a man of bronze: to be understood literally, cf. AR 4. 1638 ff.; and it is thus natura...
a bull: otherwise unattested, but not unduly surprising in the Cretan context (cf. pp....
a single vein: AR speaks of a vein at his ankle covered by a thin layer of skin (4. 16...
the ichor flowed away: the fluid of life (originally a term for the fluid that takes t...
a competition developed: again explaining a local custom, see AR 4. 1765 ff. (cf. Call...
put Aison to death: if Jason is dead, Pelias can safely consolidate his rule by elimin...
bull’s blood: the Greeks believed that bull’s blood was dangerous to drink because its...
So she went to the palace. . . boiled him: cf. P. 8. 11. 2 f. and Ov. Met. 7. 2...
Creon: the son of Lycaithos, and his successor as king of Corinth; not to be confused ...
a raging fire: see Eur. Medea1167 ff. She is said to have thrown herself into a...
received from the Sun a chariot: following Eur. Medea(1317 ff., with Arg.; and ...
the Corinthians forced them away: the local Corinthian tradition, see P. 2. 3. 6; they...
she married Aigeus: Aigeus had difficulty fathering children, p. 136, and he is said t...
a son, Medos: either directly (P. 2. 3. 7) or through her son, she becomes the eponym ...
she killed Perses: or Medos killed him and conquered Media thereafter (DS 4. 56. 1, cf...
Inachos: as one of the most prominent features in the landscape, rivers often appear a...
Phoroneus and Aigialeus: in the mythology of their particular areas each would be seen...
was called Sarapis: the cult of Sarapis, which was encouraged by the Hellenistic kings...
Pelasgos: the ‘first man’ in Arcadia, in the central Peloponnese; that he was born fro...
Pelasgians: also used in a more general sense to refer to the aboriginal inhabitants o...
calling the Peloponnese Argos: this continues a pattern in which regional names are sa...
eyes all over his body: as with the hydra’s heads, the numbers vary according to the f...
Echidna: a fearsome monster and progenitor of monsters, who lived in a cave in a hollo...
Peiren: a son of the first Argos and Evadne; he can be identified with Peiras two para...
Zeus seduced Io: for all the following, cf. Aesch. Suppliants291 ff; there Io i...
betrayed by Hierax: otherwise unknown. Since hieraxmeans a hawk, perhaps associ...
Argeiphontes: an ancient title (e.g. Od. 8. 338) of uncertain origin, here inte...
Ionian Gulf: the Adriatic; for this explanation of its name, cf. [Aesch.] PV 836 ff. ...
Bosporos: ‘the cow’s strait’, or ‘ox ford’; a valid etymology. ...
Hera asked the Curetes . . . discovered Epaphos: as Ap. remarks, the Greeks identified...
until later: see pp. 96 ff. for Agenor and the Cretan/Theban line. ...
Belos: the name is derived from the Phoenician Baal, strictly a god, but often taken b...
Melampodes: ‘Blackfeet’, an epithet for the Egyptians found in late authors only. ...
the first man to do so: but the Argo, p. 49, was more commonly regarded as the ...
Gelanor. . . surrendered the throne to him: according to P. 2. 16. 1, Gelanor, son of ...
After he . . . Danaans after himself: included with the preceding lines in sc. ...
Poseidon . . . belonged to Hera: see p. 130 for a similar dispute at Athens; these wer...
Lerna: there was a stream there called Amymone, p. 74, cf. P. 2. 37. 1. Lerna has more...
Hypermnestra . . . spared Lynceus: they will be the ancestors of the Argive royal line...
they were purified: but in late sources the Danaids are listed amongst those who suffe...
at an athletic contest: see Pind. Pyth. 9. 112 ff. ...
Amymone bore. . . in that very manner: Nauplios was conceived at Lerna, p. 61. Since N...
Homer calk Anteia: in Il. 6. 160; on Stheneboia see also p. 64, and p. 115 wher...
fortified. . . by the Cyclopes: imagining that the monumental architecture of the Myce...
Acousilaos. . . Hera: the anger of Hera was generally regarded as the cause of their m...
the other women: the women of Argos, cf. p. 47, where the madness was attributed to Di...
agreed to the cure on these terms: this introduces a further complexity into the patte...
killed his brother: or a Corinthian nobleman named Belleros (sc. Lycophr. 17, sc. ...
to be purified: this is a recurring pattern in these myths. A person who spills anothe...
Stheneboia fell in love with him: the following accords with Il. 6. 154 ff. (ex...
to Iobates: Proitos’ father-in-law, see above, who lived in Lycia, in the south-wester...
a third head in the middle: we are to understand that the dragon’s tail has a head at ...
Amisodaros: see Il. 16.328 ff. A Lycian like Iobates (who is not named by Homer...
as Hesiod records: Theog. 319 f. (but Hesiod’s text is ambiguous and he may hav...
climbed on to . . . Pegasos: as in Theog. 325 and Hes. Cat. fr. 43a, 84 ...
the Solymoi: they lived in southern Asia Minor to the west of Lycia (see Strabo 14. 3....
in youthful vigour: following Zenobius 2. 87; the text is problematic. ...
some say by Proitos: although this variant (apparently derived from Pindar, sc. ...
when Acrisios learned: according to Pherecydes (sc. AR 4. 1091) he heard the voice of ...
Polydectes. . . Dictys: for their birth and origin, see p. 44. ...
a marriage-offering: as in Homer, the bride would be purchased from her father with a ...
did not take the horses of Perseus: this seems to be Ap.’s meaning (rather than that h...
the daughters of Phonos: the Graiai (Old Women). In Theog. 270 ff., there are o...
winged sandals: belonging to Hermes, which Perseus needs to reach the Gorgons, and the...
of Hades: inserted by Heyne, but not necessarily in the original, as the reader could ...
conceived them previously by Poseidon: she had slept with him in a spring meadow, see ...
Cassiepeia: the form Cassiopeia, familiar from the constellation, never appears in anc...
Ammon: he had an oracle at the oasis of Siwa in Egypt, which was regarded by the Greek...
claimed to rival the goddess in beauty: this may seem surprising, but we have seen tha...
what the oracle had predicted: that he would be killed by his daughter’s son, pp. 64 f...
king of Larissa: this lay in the land of the (Thessalian) Pelasgians, and we should un...
on the foot, killing him: this seems odd—the incident on p. 76, which involves a poiso...
fortified. . . Mycenae: Perseus was commonly seen as its founder (cf. P. 2. 16. 3). He...
gone far: telou ebe: hence Teleboans. The etymology is forced; the name probably means...
descendant of Perseus. . . about to be born: Zeus means Heracles (see p. 70), his own ...
the Eileithuiai: there was a goddess Eileithuia specifically associated with childbirt...
of their maternal grandfather: the text is confused. For the basis of their claim, see...
striking him dead: by accident, but there is also an early tradition that they argued ...
she would marry him: this corresponds with the account attributed to Pherecydes in sc....
the vixen: the Teumessian fox, which had its lair on Mount Teumessos in Boeotia; Diony...
Cephalos, son of Deioneus: for his birth, see p. 44 (Deioneus can be identified with D...
the dog: its name was Lailaps, ‘Hurricane’ (e.g. Hyg. 189); for how Cephalos came to p...
Zeus turned. . . them to stone: this divine intervention was needed to resolve, or at ...
put Comaitho to death: he is unwilling to accept the love of one who has betrayed her ...
Heracles: the only other complete life history to survive from antiquity is that of Di...
killed the serpents: cf. Pind. Nem. 1. 39 ff. ...
Linos had struck him: after losing patience at his ‘sluggishness of soul’, DS 3. 67. 2...
Rhadamanthys: the Cretan lawmaker who became a judge in Hades, see p. 97. ...
should all conceive children by Heracles: he is impressed by his extraordinary strengt...
dressed in its skin: but according to some, it was the Nemean lion, p. 73, who provide...
the Minyans: here the inhabitants of Orchomenos in north-western Boeotia (cf. I...
charioteer of Menoiceus: his master, a grandson of Pentheus, was a member of the Theba...
by Eurytos: in the manuscripts, autou, ‘by him’, referring to Rhadamanthys. Bec...
the Pythia: the priestess who delivered the oracles at Delphi. ...
ten labours: corrected from twelve in the manuscripts (Hercher). According to the foll...
be immortal: referring to his apotheosis, which takes place some time after the comple...
invulnerable beast fathered by Typhon: in Theog. 326 f., the son of Orthos, son...
sacrifice. . . as a hero: exceptional men, legendary but also historical, who were tho...
Copreus: cf. Il. 15. 639 f. His name is suggestive of kopros, dung. ...
the Lernaean hydra: see Theog. 313 ff., a child of Echidna and Typhon, raised b...
nine heads: Hesiod, ibid., does not say that the hydra has more than one head. Althoug...
of Amymone: see p. 61. ...
Iolaos: the son of Heracles’ half-brother Iphicles, p. 72; he accompanied Heracles on ...
sacred to Artemis: when Zeus wanted to rape Taygete, daughter of Atlas, Artemis rescue...
struck it with an arrow: to bring it down without harming it. According to other accou...
the common property of the Centaurs: according to another tradition, Dionysos left the...
Cheiron . . . by the Lapiths: he was driven out of Thessaly with the other Centaurs by...
Only when Prometheus. . . able to die: see p. 83 with note. ...
killing him instantly: it will be remembered that Heracles dipped his arrows in the hy...
he refused to pay the reward: thus far he had some justification, as he could reasonab...
Phyleus. . . testified against his father: cf. P. 5. 1. 10, where Phyleus is exiled fo...
shoot them down: Heracles was not ordered to kill them, and in some accounts he merely...
Acousilaos. . . bull that had carried Europa: the earliest author known to have referr...
sent up from the sea by Poseidon: see also p. 97; the identification favoured by DS (4...
arrived at Marathon: where it is conveniently available for Theseus to kill, p. 139; T...
man-eating mares: cf. Eur. Alcestis481 ff.; in DS 4. 15. 3 f. he captures the m...
by the River Thermodon: in north-eastern Asia Minor. ...
pressed down: exethlibon: suggesting compression rather than removal. According to the...
the belt of Ares: this zoster—which came from the god of war— would be a heavy ...
Lycos, and when Lycos: added to fill a short gap in the text; his kingdom lay in the n...
undertaken to fortify Pergamon: see Il. 7. 452 ff. and 21. 441 ff. (in the latt...
to Tros: added for clarity, cf. Il. 5. 265 ff; he was Laomedon’s grandfather. O...
at some future time: for his attack on Troy, see p. 86. ...
three men joined into one: in Theog. 287 he is merely three-headed; but in Aesc...
killed many savage beasts: the killing of wild beasts, and of foreigners who are hosti...
two pillars: these marked the boundaries of the inhabited world, oikoumene, to ...
a golden cup: the Sun passed from east to west across the sky, from sunrise to sunset,...
Rhegion: or Rhegium, now Reggio, at the toe of Italy, was a Greek colony, although its...
called the bull italus: Heracles asked the local people if they had seen the calf anyw...
unless Heracles defeated him: or they fought on the terms that if Heracles was victori...
the gulf: the Adriatic. ...
golden apples from the Hesperides: according to Pherecydes, Ge gave apple trees bearin...
in the land of the Hyperboreans: a mythical people who lived in the far north. Althoug...
to avenge him . . . engaged him in single combat: interpreting the phrase Areos...
Nereus. . . transformed himself: for Nereus, see p. 29; sea-gods, as inhabitants of a ...
Antaios: he roofed Poseidon’s temple with travellers’ skulls, Pind. Isth. 4. 54...
a drover: in other versions, a ploughman (e.g. Conon 11). For a similar incident see p...
he killed Emathion: for his birth, see p. 124 and Theog. 984 f. The only indica...
through Libya: this may be an error; but it is unlikely that Ap. had a clear conceptio...
He then . . . in Prometheus’ place: for the cause of Prometheus’ punishment, see p. 36...
he said that. . . the sky back until: a passage from sc. AR 4. 1396 is inserted to fil...
It is said. . . guardian snake: cf. Soph. Trachiniae1099 f., and Eur. He...
unholy: these apples and the trees that bore them belonged to Hera or Zeus (see p. 81 ...
to fetch Cerberos: Homer knew of this feat, Il. 8. 367 f., Od. 11. 623 f...
with a view to being initiated: into the Eleusinian Mysteries, which ensured a better ...
purified by Eumolpos: the legendary founder of the Mysteries, see also p. 135 and note...
the souls. . . Meleager. . . Medusa: the souls are the shades of the dead. For the enc...
Theseus there, and Peirithoos: see p. 143. ...
stone of Ascalaphos: see p. 33. ...
to procure blood for the souls: the souls are flimsy and witless; a drink of blood inc...
gates of Acheron: Acheron was strictly a river in the Underworld, but its name was als...
into an owl: as a screech-owl (which is moreover a bird of ill omen) he will still be ...
gave Megara to lolaos: after his madness and murder of their children, p. 72, there is...
at archery: Eurytos was Heracles’ own teacher in the art, p. 71. Eurytos died when he ...
cattle were stolen: in all other sources, mares, cf. Od. 21. 22 ff. ...
in a fresh fit of madness: other accounts are less favourable to Heracles. In the ...
Neleus rejected him: this is the reason for his later attack on Pylos, p. 87. ...
refused ... a response: because he was denied by the murder, see further P. 10. 13. 4....
the Cercopes: two brothers who robbed passers-by; for details we have to rely on late ...
in his vineyard: added for clarity, cf. DS 4. 31. 7; he killed Syleus with his own mat...
the body of Icaros: see pp. 140 f. ...
the voyage to Colchis: the voyage of the Argonauts; for the tradition on Heracles’ inv...
the hunt. . . from Troezen: since Meleager was killed after the hunt, p. 41, this is i...
he sailed against Ilion: known to Homer, Il. 5. 640 ff. (where he remarks on th...
to Heracles the Noble Victor: Kallinikos, thus explaining a cultic title of Her...
Priam: according to this etymology, the name of the king of Troy during the great Troj...
Hera sent violent storms: see Il. 14. 249 ff. and 15. 24 ff. ...
suspended her from Olympos: with two anvils hanging from her feet, and her hands tied ...
mar against the Giants: see pp. 34 f. ...
against Augeias: who had refused to pay the agreed fee when Heracles cleared his stabl...
Eurytos and Cteatos: at Il. 2. 621, Homer gives their names, and calls them the...
set an ambush: a highly dubious action because they were protected by a religious truc...
recalled Phyleus: the son of Augeias who had been exiled for supporting Heracles, p. 7...
an altar of Pelops: this seems inappropriate, because Pelops was a hero rather than a ...
marched against Pylos: on sandy Pylos and Periclymenos, see p. 45 and notes; for the c...
Hades, who came to the aid of the Pylians: but see Il. 5. 395–7, Heracles struc...
the son of Licymnios: Oionos (P. 3. 15. 4f.), said to have been the first Olympic vict...
raped Auge . . . the daughter o/Aleos: Aleos was king of Tegea, and founder of the tem...
by a plague: because of Auge’s sacrilegious use of the sacred precinct. When Ap. refer...
Telephos: the name is explained as a combination of thele(teat) and elap...
Deianeira, the daughter of Oineus: see also p. 40; she was the sister of Meleager, who...
wrestled with Acheloos: strictly a river (the largest in Greece, flowing along the Aca...
that of Amaltheia: the cornucopia. Here Amaltheia is the nymph who fed the infant Zeus...
Ephyra: in Epirus, on the mainland in the north-west, not the Ephyra identified with C...
Tlepolemos: see p. 93. For this episode, cf. DS 4. 36. 1, ...
of his sons: by the fifty daughters of Thespios, see p. 71; he made Iolaos the leader ...
killed Eunomos: he hit him harder than he had intended, cf. DS 4. 36. 2; according to ...
Nessos had settled there: for how he came to be there, see p. 75. ...
if she wanted a love-potion: in reality it would be a dangerous poison because the blo...
Theiodamas: compare the story on p. 82. In the present case, Theiodamas is not a simpl...
Ceux: a son of one of Amphitryon’s brothers, and thus a relative of Heracles (sc. Soph...
as an ally of Aigimios, king of the Dorians: during Heracles’ lifetime, the Dorians we...
Cycnos: see the battle with Cycnos, son of Ares, on p. 82, and note. Although differen...
killed Amyntor: in DS 4. 37. 4 Heracles attacks and kills the king (there called Ormen...
vengeance on Eurytos: for refusing to give him Iole after he had won the contest for h...
how matters stood with regard to Iole: DS 4. 38. 1 states explicitly that she learned ...
into the Euhoean Sea: following Ov. Met. 9. 218 (cf. Ibis492, and VM 1. ...
Poias: the Argonaut, p. 50, and father of Philoctetes, p. 121. Although it was more co...
raised him up to heaven: the apotheosis of Heracles is a relatively late element in th...
married. . . Hebe: there is no myth associated with Heracles as a god beyond this marr...
the daughters of Thespios: see p. 91. ...
the altar of Pity: or Mercy, in the marketplace, see P. 1. 17. 1; an unusual cult in G...
the Athenians. . . in a war with Eurystheus: under Theseus (P. 1. 32. 5) or Demophon, ...
Hyllos. . . killed him: or Iolaos did, Pind. Pyth. 9. 79 ff, P. 1. 44. 14. ...
their return: a return, kathodos, because the Heraclids were Perseids from Argo...
Tlepolemos. . . killed Licymnios: cf. Il. 2. 653 ff, Pind. ol. 7. 27 ff....
with his army: the narrative is now interrupted by a gap in the text. Hyllos must cert...
Tisamenos. . . was king of the Peloponnesians: as the last Pelopid, ruling both Argos ...
Aristomachos: in the manuscripts, Cleolaos, a mistake for Cleodaios, the son of Hyllos...
by the narrows, the broad-bellied sea: this is not as perverse as it sounds. They had ...
Naupactos: the name is said to be derived from naus epexato(cf. P. 10. 38. 5). ...
Aristodemos: one of the three sons of Aristomachos; for another account of his death, ...
because of the diviner: these disasters were caused by the anger of Apollo, who had in...
Oxylos: compare P. 5. 3. 5 ff, where he is said to have been the son of Haimon, son of...
Pamphylos and Dymas, the sons of Aigimios: see pp. 89–90. The Heraclids were leading a...
a clod of earth: cf. P. 4. 3. 4 f, essentially the same story, although the stratagem ...
Temenos spurned. . . Deiphontes: see P. 2. 19. 1 and 2. 28. 3 ff. ...
some men from Titana: reading Titaniousfor titanas;Titana lay near Sicyo...
Cresphontes. . . was assassinated: presumably Polyphontes is responsible, as in Hyg. 1...
As we have said: see p. 60. ...
It is said by some: including Homer, Il. 14. 321 f. There was much disagreement...
whose breath smelled of roses: reading rhodou apopneon (apopleonin the manuscri...
according to Homer: see Il. 6. 198 f; but Homer’s Sarpedon lived at a much late...
the city of Thasos in Thrace: the island of Thasos, which contained a city of the same...
they quarrelled with one another: not all three of them, for it appears from the follo...
Miletos landed in Caria: in the south-west corner of Asia Minor; Lycia lay south-east ...
for the islanders: although somewhat ambiguous, this is probably a reference to the tr...
married Alcmene: Heracles’ mother, see p. 72. The reason for his flight is unclear. ...
sits as a judge with Minos in Hades: first attested by Plato in the fourth century ...
exiled from Athens for murder: see p. 138. ...
the Minotaur: the ‘Minos-bull’. See also DS 4. 77. ...
with a maze. . . passage out: a verse fragment of unknown origin (Tr. Adesp. 34 Nauck)...
me will speak of that later: see p. 140. ...
he consulted the oracle: according to the other main source, DS 5. 59. 1 ff., the orac...
Atabyrion: the tallest mountain in Rhodes, over 4,000 feet; the cult there was very an...
Nauplios: see p. 62 and note; a great traveller who is enlisted else where to perform ...
Pleisthenes married. . . Aerope: following Hes. Cat. (fr. 194–5, where Pleisthe...
Idomeneus: he succeeded Catreus as king of Crete, was one of Helen’s suitors, p. 121, ...
Glaucos: a son of Minos and Pasiphae, see p. 97. ...
Polyidos: a descendant of the seer Melampous (either a great-grandson or a great-great...
compared the cow’s colouring to a blackberry: according to Hyg. 136, the cow was not d...
by a certain kind of divination: Hyg., ibid., reports that while Polyidos was observin...
a cow from the herds of Pelagon: according to the oracle as reported by sc. Eur. ...
Spartoi: ‘Sown Men’. ...
deliberately: the reading in the Epitome, hekousion, is surely preferable to ...
for an everlasting year: to atone for the killing of Ares’ dragon (not the death of th...
the Cadmeia: the eminence dominating Thebes and site of the citadel. ...
a deception by Hera: Hera assumed the form of her nurse, Beroe, and appealed to her va...
daughters ofCadmos . . . because of that: see Eur. Bacchae23 ff. and 242 ff.; t...
Hera . . . drove them mad: see also p. 43 and note. ...
Leucothea: she became the ‘White Goddess’, who had a general Mediterranean cult as a d...
Isthmian Games. . . in honour of Melicertes: his body was cast ashore on the Isthmus o...
the Hyades: seven stars in the constellation Taurus, outlining the face of the bull; i...
saw Artemis bathing: this story, which first appears in Callimachus (Hymn5. 107...
driven mad by Hera: because he was a son of Zeus by another woman. ...
learned the rites of initiation: the rites of Cybele, the great mother-goddess of Phry...
Lycourgos: for his hostility and the flight of Dionysos, cf. Il. 6. 130 ff.; th...
Bacchai: the women seized by Bacchic frenzy. ...
Satyrs: daemons who attended Dionysos. They had a thick tail like that of a horse, and...
believing that he was pruning a vine branch: he was trying to eliminate the vines as a...
and the whole of India . . . pillars: marking the eastern limits of the inhabited worl...
he arrived in Thebes: the following is a summary of Eur. Bacchae, which contain...
When they had him on board: see the fuller version of the following story in the first...
Cadmos left Thebes. . . the Encheleans: resigning the throne to Pentheus; the reason f...
into a snake: in hero-cult, a snake would often symbolize the hero or represent the fo...
thought in much the same way: with regard to the Bacchants, presumably; but there is n...
as long as Laios remained a child: but Lycos never restored the throne to Laios, and t...
from Euboea . . . settled at Hyria: a problematic passage. Ap. gives two genealogies f...
from there. . . to Thebes: following a suggestion by Heyne to fill a short gap in the ...
polemarch: military commander. ...
to Epopeus: a son of Aiolos’ daughter, Canace, p. 38, who left Thessaly for Sicyon (in...
killed himself: or according to P. 2. 6. 2, he himself attacked Epopeus, but was wound...
the stones followed. . . Amphion’s lyre: cf. AR 1. 735 ff. and P. 9. 5. 3 f. Homer tel...
Homer: he gives the essentials of the following story in Il. 24. 602 ff., altho...
Amphion alone survived: presumably the father of the children rather than a Niobid not...
Chloris: see P. 2. 21. 10 (where this Chloris is identified with Meliboia below; her n...
transformed into a stone: Homer records that she became a stone ( Il. 24. 614 f...
the death ofAmphion: he is said to have reacted to the death of his children by killin...
others Epicaste: as in Od. 11. 271, when Odysseus meets her in Hades; but Iocas...
called him Oedipus: the name Oidipous is derived from oidein, to swell, and ...
supposititious child: i.e. as one who was not the child of his supposed parents, but i...
a certain narrow track: the ‘Cleft Way’, a mountain track leading to Delphi, see P. 10...
Creon, son of Menoiceus: and thus the great-grandson of Pentheus, and a member of the ...
Hera sent the Sphinx: in Theog. 326, the daughter of Orthos and Chimaira. In th...
a single voice: an obscure indication that the same being is involved in each case. ...
by Euryganeia: according to Pherecydes (sc. Eur. Phoen. 53), he first married I...
cursing his sons: it was also said that he cursed them for setting the silver table an...
Arriving. . . at Colonos: following Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonos. In early sou...
the Eumenides: ‘the gracious ones’, a euphemism for the Erinyes (Furies). On their san...
Eteocles . . . refused to give up the throne: cf. Eur. Phoenissae67 ff.; this i...
Adrastos, son of Talaos: and thus a grandson of Bias, p. 47, while Amphiaraos is a des...
Tydeus. . . had fled there from Calydon: see p. 42 and note. ...
a boar. . . a lion: the emblem on Tydeus’ shield refers to the Calydonian boar, and th...
went to Iphis: an Argive king descended from Proitos. Polyneices may have wanted the b...
conflict. . . between Amphiaraos and Adrastos: they had quarrelled over the kingship, ...
allow Eriphyle to decide: as the sister of Adrastos and wife of Amphiaraos, she might ...
seven leaders: corresponding to the seven gates in the walls of Thebes, see below. ...
Lycourgos: son of Pheres, see p. 48; Nemea was on the northern border of the Argolid. ...
Thoas had been spared: when the Lemnian women killed their menfolk, Hypsipyle, their q...
Archemoros: meaning the beginning of death, or first to die; cf. Bacch. 9. 14, ‘an ome...
sent Tydeus ahead. . . to the camp: cf. Il. 4. 382 ff.; portents from the gods ...
advanced towards the walls: the attack on Thebes was recounted in an early epic, the ...
seven gates: see P. 9. 8. 4 ff. (who offers some explanation of the names). Hypsistan ...
saw the goddess completely naked: preceded by a short gap in the text. For the story, ...
purified his ears. . , the language of birds: compare the story of Melampous on p. 46 ...
Hesiod says: in the Melampodeia(Hes. fr. 275), see also Appendix, 4 and note. T...
one part. . . nine parts: apparently a misinterpretation of the Melampodeia, se...
to a considerable age: on the same occasion Zeus granted him the privilege of living f...
Menoiceus. . . as a sacrifice to Ares: see Eur. Phoenissae930 ff.; to gain the ...
Zeus struck him down: as retribution for his impious arrogance, for Capaneus boasted t...
for Tydeus. . . killed Melanippos: in all other sources, Amphiaraos himself killed him...
Zeus made him immortal: he was worshipped as a healer god and had an oracle at Oropos ...
after having intercourse with him in the likeness of a Fury: but see P. 8. 25. 4 ff. P...
Creon . . . to the Theban throne: thus in Sophocles’ Antigone, Ap.’s source for...
suppliant’s bough: an olive bough, placed on an altar as a symbolic gesture when claim...
captured the city: it may be doubted that Theseus was ever said to have captured the c...
the Epigoni: ‘the afterborn’, used as a proper name when referring to these sons of th...
Eriphyle, . . persuaded her sons also to take part: a reduplication of the story of Er...
killed Aigialeus: just as Adrastos was the only leader to survive on the first expedit...
Hestiaia: in Thessaly; but they are also said to have travelled further north, to Illy...
the Fury of his mother’s murder: those who shed blood, especially within their own fam...
a land. . . by the Sun: since the text is hopelessly corrupt at this point, I follow C...
had been informed by an oracle: although one might infer from the present narrative th...
founded Acarnania: to the west of Aetolia facing the Ionian Sea; see also P. 8. 24. 9....
Euripides: in his lost tragedy Alcmaion in Corinth. ...
founded Amphilochian Argos: Thucydides’ report (2. 68) that it was founded by his uncl...
as me observed above: see p. 58 and note. Pelasgos, the Arcadian ‘first man’, becomes ...
fifty sons: for the most part eponymous founders of Arcadian towns. See also P. 8. 3. ...
a child. . . into the sacrifices: according to a similar account by Nicolaus of Damasc...
Trapezous: from trapeza, a table; but the town is also said to have been named ...
Hesiod. . . one of the nymphs: according to Catast. 1, Hesiod called her a daug...
Hera persuaded Artemis. . . to shoot her: after discovering what had happened, and lea...
naming him Areas: in Greek there is a similarity in sound between arktos, a bea...
Areas had two sons: for a fuller account of the sons of Areas and their descendants, s...
Auge mas raped by Heracles: see also p. 88 and note. ...
lasos and Clymene . . . had a daughter, Atalante: this genealogy (cf. Theognis 1287 ff...
the hunt for the Calydonian boar: where her presence as the only woman had important r...
games held in honour of Pelias: for the death of Pelias, see p. 57; the games were hel...
golden apples: from the Hesperides, see p. 81 and note (e.g. VM 1. 39), or according t...
the Pleiades: familiar as the cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus. According ...
gave birth to Hermes: most of the following derives from the fuller account in the ...
Cyllene. . . Pieria: Hermes’ birthplace was in Arcadia; Pieria lay north of Mount Olym...
pebbles: thriai, or divining pebbles, which were used none the less in a subord...
herald to the gods of the Underworld: he conducted the souls of the dead between this ...
Lelex: the local ‘first man’, and eponym of the Leleges, the aboriginal inhabitants; c...
Hyacinthos: see p. 30 and note. ...
Aphareus: a Messenian king, see also P. 4. 2. 4 ff. ...
but rather of Coronis: as in Hes. Cat. fr. 60. This Thessalian descent is consi...
on the left side: as always, the side of ill omen. ...
Zeus. . . struck him down: the story was told in Hes. Cat. (fr. 51). In Pind. ...
who had forged the thunderbolt: see p. 28. ...
Apollo went to Admetos: see also p. 48. ...
there are those. . . Bateia: Perieres was first introduced to us as a Deucalionid king...
Hippocoon expelled Icarios and Tyndareus: Hippocoon (and his sons) and Tyndareus dispu...
Thestios: an Aetolian, see p. 39, the king of Pleuron; see also P. 3. 13. 8. ...
Heracles had killed Hippocoon and his sons: see pp. 87 f. ...
Polydeuces. . . Helen . . . Castor: that Helen was a daughter of Zeus was agreed from ...
and Clytemnestra: most editors favour this addition; but since Clytemnestra has been m...
a daughter of Zeus by Nemesis: they had intercourse at Rhamnos in Attica (Catas...
to Aphidnai: in Attica; see also p. 143 and note. ...
swear an oath: if they are to be eligible. This will be important later because when H...
a son, Nicostratos: in Homer, Hermione is her only child (Od. 4. 12 ff., cf. ...
because of their valour: the name of the Dioskouroi (kourosmeans a boy, ...
the daughters of Leucippos: a Messenian king (see p. 44, cf. P. 4. 2. 4). There was a ...
Lynceus caught sight of Castor: on the fate of the Dioscuri Ap., and Pindar in his mor...
amongst mortals: strictly, amongst the dead; on their shared immortality, cf. O...
he wanted to violate the goddess: she is commonly said to have actually slept with him...
went to the mainland opposite: his departure from Samothrace is often associated with ...
named the country Troy: although we commonly refer to the city as Troy (as does Homer ...
Ganymede: cf. Il. 20. 232 ff., HH to Aphrodite202 ff., without as yet th...
aroused Aphrodite’s amorous desire: the central theme of HH to Aphrodite, cf. ...
found a city . . . where the cow lay down: this story, which is not in Homer, is clear...
the Palladion: a talismanic image which protected the city, see p. 156. ...
Triton: a sea-god (p. 33, Theog. 931 f.), here as the god of the River Triton i...
aegis: the ‘goatskin’, an attribute of Zeus depicted as a short cloak or a shield; see...
Electro . . . raped: the daughter of Atlas, by Zeus (see p. 122, but it is not recorde...
with Ate: reading met’Atesfor met’autes(‘with her’, i.e. with Electra). ...
Dawn so loved Tithonos: see Theog. 984 ff. and HH to Aphrodite, 218 ff. ...
as we mentioned: see p. 86. ...
Aisacos ... was turned into a bird: the only other account, Ov. Met. 11. 749 ff...
Hecuba had a dream: cf. Pind. Paean8 (rather different), Eur. Troades920...
protecting: alexesas: Alexander (strictly, Alexandros) was thus the man (aner, ...
he rediscovered his parents: Hyg. 91 gives the full story. Priam’s servant came to fet...
Apollo . . . art of prophecy: cf. Aesch. Ag. 1202 ff.; there was another story ...
if he mere ever mounded: we should probably assume that she knows by her prophetic pow...
learned from Sisyphos: see also p. 44 and note. ...
turned the ants into people: suggested by the etymological fancy that the ancestors of...
into a seal: she conceived Phocos, the eponym of the Phocians, while she was in...
mhen Greece mas gripped . . . delivered from its barrenness: see further DS 4. 61. 1 f...
guards the keys of Hades: see also Plato Apol. 41a, where he judges the dead, a...
Telamon . . . killed his brother: there is a varied tradition. In the earliest recorde...
because Heracles . . . Aias: for the full story see Pind. Isth. 6. 35 ff. The a...
concealing his sword: a magic sword made by Hephaistos; Acastos expects that Peleus wi...
Polydora . . . River Spercheios: she is the mother of Menesthios by this river in ...
was told by Prometheus: alluded to in [Aesch.] PV907 ff.; cf. Hyg. PA15....
according to others: see Pind. Isth. 8. 27 ff., AR 4. 783 ff. ...
an ashwood spear . . . horses: later passed on to Achilles, see Il. 16. 140 ff....
When Thetis gave birth . . . went back to the Nereids: following AR 4. 869 ff. Ambrosi...
not . . . lips: privative a(implied rather than directly stated) and che...
slaughtering Astydameia: she had falsely accused him to her husband, p. 128. ...
Lycomedes: he ruled the island of Scyros, off Euboea. ...
Pyrrhos . . . later called Neoptolemos: because he was young, neos, when he wen...
causing a trumpet to be sounded: this is explained by Hyg. 96. Odysseus placed women’s...
Phoenix had been blinded. . . seduced her: in Homer’s account, Il. 9. 447 ff., ...
Patroclos had killed a boy: cf. Il. 23. 84 ff. ...
Achilles had become his lover: this is never stated by Homer; see also Plato Sy...
the Erechtheid Sea: not a sea in the literal sense, but a sea-water well in the Erecht...
the Pandroseion: an enclosure near the Erechtheum. The olive tree survived until Roman...
flooded the Thriasian plain: to the north-west of the city. Not a permanent flood (alt...
Agraulos, the daughter of Actaios: her name appears in the form Aglauros elsewhere. Ac...
was tried on the Areiopagos: the Areiopagos, the traditional Athenian high court which...
Herse . . . Phaethon: in Theog. 984 ff., Dawn bears Memnon and Emathion to Tith...
slept with foreigners: presumably a reference to temple prostitution in connection wit...
a son of Theias: the following story of incest between father and daughter is most gen...
born to Hephaistos and Athene: it will be seen that this is a loose expression, as he ...
with a piece of wool: this was introduced into the story for etymological reasons, to ...
a snake: placed there by Athene to guard him (cf. Eur. Ion. 21–3, where there a...
her sanctuary: the Erechtheum on the Acropolis. ...
the wooden image of Athene: a primitive olive-wood statue (xoanon), comparable ...
Panathenaia: the great summer festival celebrated in honour of Athene as patroness of ...
Demeter . . . at Eleusis: see p. 33. Eleusis was independent until the seventh century...
Labdacos: king of Thebes, see p. 103, in Boeotia, which lay on Attica’s northern borde...
hid her away in the country: this is followed by a problematic phrase omitted in the t...
reached Daulis in Phocis: Phocis lay to the west of Boeotia and Attica. Tereus was com...
Philomela a swallow: her lack of a tongue explains the swallow’s inarticulate cries; h...
Poseidon Erechtheus: following Heyne’s emendation (from Erichthoniou);a cult of...
went to bed with Pteleon: in all other versions, Cephalos tests her virtue, causing he...
harmful beasts: snakes, scorpions, and millipedes, according to AL 41; Pasiphae was hi...
a fast-running dog: for its subsequent fate, see p. 70, and note. ...
the Circaean root: this came from a plant of the milkweed family, but here it is clear...
by the River Ilissos, Boreas carried her off: not far from Athens, see Plato Ph...
while pursuing the Harpies: see p. 52 and note. ...
killed by Heracles: for persuading the Argonauts not to return for him when he was lef...
married Idaia . . . punished him for this: this version of the story, in which Idaia b...
fled to the Eleusinians: and became closely associated with the Mysteries. He was the ...
Poseidon destroyed Erechtheus: because the Athenians under Erechtheus had killed Eumol...
transferred the kingdom to Pandion: see also P. 1. S. 3 and 1. 39. 4; Pandion’s tomb c...
founded . . . Pylos: the Elian Pylos in the north-western Peloponnese. See also P. 6. ...
Pytho: Delphi. ...
mouth of the wineskin: the wineskin stands for his stomach, and its mouth or neck for ...
by way of Troezen: south of the Isthmus in the Argolid, and thus well out of his way; ...
Poseidon slept with her too: this paternity is associated with a specific story told i...
the bull of Marathon: for its origins, see p. 77 and note. Theseus will kill it, p. 13...
Megareus: he came with an army of Boeotians, was buried where he was killed, and the c...
drowned her: because he was shocked by her betrayal of her father and city (cf. P. 2. ...
Their father, Hyacinthos: not the famous Hyacinthos who was loved by Apollo, p. 119. ...
labyrinth: see p. 98. ...
snake’s jawbone: cf. DS 4. 76. 5 f, this led to the invention of the iron saw. ...
Theseus: see Plutarch’s life of Theseus for a fuller account of all the following, wit...
the sandals and the sword: the tokens of his birth, see p. 136. ...
cleared the road: a series of labours, emulating those of Heracles (cf. DS 4. 59. 1), ...
was referred to as Corynetes: a descriptive surname or nickname (as with Pityocamptes ...
hurled into the air: or he attached the extremities of his victims to two trees, causi...
Polypemon: as in Bacch. 18. 27, but he is more familiar as Procroustes (e.g. P. 1. 38....
Medea . . . schemed against him: to protect her position and that of her son by Aigeus...
the bull of Marathon: see p. 77 and note. ...
tribute . . . to the Minotaur: for the tribute, see p. 137; for the Minotaur, p. 98. ...
the children: the boys and girls saved from the tribute. ...
Dionysosfell in love with Ariadne: in Od. 11. 321 ff., she was killed there by ...
the sons of Pallas: Pallas was the brother of Aigeus; he and his sons disputed the suc...
Icarian Sea: in the south-eastern Aegean, in the region of Icaria and Samos. ...
accompanied Heracles. . . against the Amazons: this was generally regarded as a separa...
Amazons marched against Athens: see also DS 4. 28, Plut. Thes. 27. ...
by the Areiopagos: see Aesch. Eumenides685 ff, where it is said that the hill g...
Deucalion: the son of Minos and a successor as king of Crete, see pp. 97 and 99. ...
Phaedra . . . asked him to sleep with her: Ap. gives the traditional version of her st...
hated all women: he was a devotee of the virgin goddess Artemis. ...
along the sea-shore: at Troezen in the Argolid, where Hippolytos was the adopted heir ...
Ixion: his story is relevant to the subsequent account of Theseus’ association with Pe...
Theseus joined Peirithoos: this paragraph is inserted from Zenobius 5. 33. Surviving a...
as relatives of the bride: thus Zenobius, but this is probably a mistake, because they...
buried in the earth: the gods are said to have incited the Centaurs against Caineus be...
captured Athens: according to the usual account, followed on p. 121, she was hidden at...
took away Aithra: she became Helen’s servant and was taken to Troy (see Plut. T...
Menestheus: a great-grandson of Erechtheus, and thus in the royal line; the leader of ...
became stuck to it: the rock grew to their flesh (P. 10. 29. 9, referring to Panyasis ...
Lycomedes: he ruled in Scyros, off Euboea, and either feared Theseus’ influence over h...
Tantalos: son of Zeus and Pluto, daughter of Cronos (or according to some, the son of ...
share ambrosia with his friends: after he had been welcomed at the table of the gods a...
Broteas: the son of Tantalos; see also Ovid Ibis. 517 ff. and P. 3. 22.4. ...
a winged chariot: since Pindar talks of a golden chariot drawn by horses with unwearyi...
Pisa: in Elis, the north-western province of the Peloponnese. ...
failed to insert the axle-pins: or according to Pherecydes (ibid.) he inserted axle-pi...
the Myrtoan Sea: lying to the east of the Peloponnese and south of Attica; Geraistos w...
curses at the house of Pelops: amply fulfilled; it was said by some that this caused H...
Apia or Pelasgiotis: for Apia as a previous name of the Peloponnese, see p. 58; Pelasg...
placed it in a chest: i.e. its fleece. ...
the Mycenaeans . . . had sent for Atreus and Thyestes: they are already outside their ...
the adultery: between his wife Aerope and Thyestes. ...
intercourse with his own daughter: her name was Pelopia. In one version of this story,...
sought refuge: i.e. from Agamemnon and Menelaos, when they came of age. ...
But Agamemnon . . . marrying his daughters: the gap in the text is filled by an extrac...
Alexander abducted Helen: we now pass to the events leading up to the Trojan War. Ap.’...
demigods: a term sometimes applied to the heroes of the Trojan War and earlier adventu...
For one of these reasons: Homer remarks enigmatically in Il. 1. 5 that the war ...
Eris threw an apple: Eris, discord personified, now sets in motion the chain of events...
with ships built by Phereclos: on Phereclos, see Il. 5. 59 ff. The fleet was su...
the funeral of his maternal grandfather Catreus: after he had been killed by his son A...
the treasures: from the palace of Menelaos; this became an issue in the war, see ...
put in at Sidon: Homer alludes to his stay there in Il. 6. 289 ff; in the ...
a phantom of Helen: a theme invented by the lyric poet Stesichorus (late seventh to ea...
to Agamemnon in Mycenae: as king of Mycenae he was the richest and most powerful king ...
the oaths: most of the Greek kings had been suitors for Helen’s hand, and had sworn to...
pretended to be mad: he is said to have yoked an ox with a horse (Hyg. 95), and sown t...
drew his sword: or he placed the child in front of Odysseus’ plough (Tzetz. sc. Lycoph...
after capturing. . . as a traitor: this is Odysseus’ later revenge for his ignominious...
a breastplate: in the manuscripts, ‘breastplates’, but this is surely a reference to t...
Elais, Spermo, and Oino: their names refer to the oil, grain, and wine elicited by the...
Those who took part: compare Homer’s catalogue, Il. 2. 494 ff.; some of the nam...
a snake . . . after ten years: cf. Il. 2. 308 ff. The nine birds eaten by the s...
Mysia: in the north-western corner of Asia Minor; historically the Troad lay within th...
Telephos, son of Heracles: see pp. 88 and 116. ...
entangled in a vine branch: through the anger of Dionysos, because Telephos had depriv...
lasted twenty years: this is clearly problematic, as the war would then end twenty (ra...
scraping rust from his Pelian spear: following the principle of sympathetic magic note...
Not even Artemis: following the Vatican epitome, where the meaning of this is left to ...
Agamemnon brought her. . . at the altar: as in the Cypria(Procl.). See also Eur...
Cycnos: not the adversary of Heracles (pp. 82, 90) but a son of Poseidon who ruled at ...
While. . . offering a sacrifice to Apollo: on Tenedos, following the Cypria(Pro...
the bow of Heracles: Heracles gave it to his father Poias (or to Philoctetes himself) ...
sending Odysseus and Menelaos: cf. Il. 3. 205 ff. ...
first. . . to disembark: cf. Il. 2. 701 f., where his killer is a nameless Dard...
Laodameia: there seems to have been some coverage of her story in the Cypria(P....
by hurling a stone at his head: Cycnos (the father of Tenes, see above) was said to be...
Troilos: a son of Priam (or Apollo, p. 125) and Hecuba ( Il. 24. 257). There wa...
captured Lycaon: see Il. 21. 34 ff. for the full story. Lycaon was sold into sl...
rustle the cattle of Aeneas: cf. Il. 20. 90 ff. and 188 ff. ...
the following allies: for the Trojan allies cf. Homer’s catalogue, Il. 2. 819 f...
performed deeds of valour: for aristeuein;the aristeiaiof the various he...
exchanged armour: in Homer’s account, Glaucos exchanged ‘gold for bronze’ (the phrase ...
The river rushed out. . . massive flame: this is rather unsatisfactory as a summary of...
accidentally killed Hippolyte: her sister, whom she killed with her lance while aiming...
Thersites: he abused Achilles ‘for his alleged passion’ (Procl.) for the Amazon, appar...
Memnon: to provide a suitable opponent for Achilles, a warrior who resembles him in be...
shot down . . . Scaean Gates: as foretold in Il. 22. 359 f. ...
in the ankle: it is said in late sources at least that his mother Thetis held Achilles...
on the White Island: in the Aethiopis(Procl.) Thetis, with the Muses and her si...
on the Isles of the Blessed: a home at the ends of the earth for those whom the gods a...
the Trojans acting as judges: in Od. 11. 542 ff., the Trojans and Athene are sa...
the allies: cf. Pind. Nem. 8. 26, where the Greeks decide the matter by secret ...
the Achaeans: the Greeks (as in Homeric usage). ...
Aias killed himself: see Sophocles’ Ajax. ...
Calchas prophesied. . . bow of Heracles: in the Little Iliad(Procl.) this was r...
Odysseus. . . to see Philoctetes: cf. QS 9. 333 ff. In the Little Iliad(Procl.)...
cured by Podaleirios: as sons of Ascler’js, he and his brother, Machaon, performed val...
Helenos.. . to reveal: a son of Priam and Hecuba, p. 125, whose qualities as a diviner...
bones of Pelops: see also P. 5. 13. 4 ff. ...
Neoptolemos: the son of Achilles by Deidameia, the daughter of Lycomedes (see p. 129);...
Eurypylos . . . at the hand of Neoptolemos: cf. Od. 11. 519 ff., he was killed ...
Odysseus went. . . aid of Diomedes: in the Little Iliad(Procl.), these were two...
Odysseus. . . suggested it to Epeios: in the Little Iliad, Epeios acted on Athe...
three thousand: the text is surely defective here. Stesichorus said that there were a ...
devoured the sons of Laocoon: in the Sack of Troy(Procl.) in the epic cycle, La...
Helen. . . Odysseus covered his mouth: see Od. 4. 274 ff. ...
came to his rescue: because his father Antenor had offered them his hospitality and pr...
Aeneas . . . his piety: cf. Xen. On Hunting1. 15 (where he takes the household ...
Aithra: she was taken captive by the Dioscuri when they were recovering Helen from Att...
had later arrived at Troy: i.e. after the period covered by the Iliad;a similar...
Locrian Aias .. . towards the sky: ‘lesser’ Aias (cf. Il. 2. 527 ff), not to be...
they hurled Astyanax from the ramparts: as in Proclus’ summary of the Sack of T...
slaughtered Polyxene: a daughter of Priam and Hecuba not mentioned by Homer. This epis...
Hecuba was awarded. . . Bitch’s Tomb: this curious story is referred to in Eur. ...
the most beautiful of Priam’s daughters: cf. Il. 3. 122 ff., where she is the w...
took refuge by the altar: that of Athene, which he had defiled (cf. Procl.); this acti...
the Greeks gathered. . . sacrifice to Athene: to appease her for the defilement of her...
Diomedes. . . with only five ships: see Od. 3. 153 ff. and 276 ff; for the subs...
Mopsos.. . Manto: with this daughter of the seer Teiresias (p. 112) as his mother and ...
When Calchas replied. . . without a doubt: following the Sabbaitic epitome. The Vatica...
Thetis: the goddess was his grandmother. In the Returns(Procl.) it was she who ...
Athene hurled... was killed: cf. Od. 4. 499 ff., where Poseidon drives his ship...
Nauplios: see p. 62 and note; the earliest surviving source for this episode is Eur. ...
the intrigues of Odysseus: see p. 147. ...
Aigialeia: the wife of Diomedes, p. 43, king of Argos; her infidelity was also attribu...
wife of Idomeneus: the king of Crete, see p. 99 and note. ...
Xylophagos: literally ‘Eater of Wood’, i.e. of ships. ...
the country of the Molossians: Epirus, in north-western Greece. See also P. 1. 11. 1 f...
his father’s kingdom: that of Peleus, at Phthia in Thessaly, which his father Achilles...
when Orestes went mad: after killing Clytemnestra and Aigisthos, see p. 163. ...
Hermione. . . at Troy: an allusion to the story that Menelaos had given Hermione to Or...
for the death of his father: Apollo, together with Paris, had killed Achilles, see p. ...
by Machaireus: a name surely suggested by the machaira, or short sword (cf. Pin...
Gouneus. . . settled there: there is a gap in the text here. This passage, which is pr...
Navaithos.. . Nauprestides: Navaithos is derived here from naus, ship, a...
Demophon: a son of Theseus; the following story, of relatively late origin, was also a...
Nine Ways: the earlier name of Amphipolis (Thuc. 4. 103); said to have been given that...
terror-struck: the reason is unclear; Tzetzes (sc. Lycophr. 495, following Ap.) says t...
Amphilochos . , . killed one another: on this Amphilochos, a relatively late invention...
Locris was struck by a plague: yet another disaster provoked by the Locrian Aias’ dese...
after the Phocian War: it ended in 346 BC; this could only mark the end of the thousan...
was killed by Aigisthos and Clytemnestra: in the Odyssey, 3. 193 ff. and 4. 529...
they killed Cassandra too: cf. Od. 11. 421–3; there she is killed by Clytemnest...
left Mycenae . . . killed his mother and Aigisthos: cf. Od. 1. 298 ff. and 3. 3...
indicted by the Furies. . . acquitted: following Aesch. Eumenides;when the vote...
the land of the Taurians: the Crimea. Hereafter Ap. follows Eur. Iphigeneia in ...
he himself married. . .father of Tisamenos: such is the text of the Epitome, but Tzetz...
Menelaos . . . treasure: see Od. 3. 276 ff. ...
only a phantom: see p. 147 and note. ...
went to the Elysian Fields with Helen: thus fulfilling the prophecy of Proteus in ...
wolves . . . pigs, or asses, or lions: in the Odysseythey are turned into pigs ...
moly: a mythical plant with white flowers, Od. 10. 302 ff., sometimes identifie...
Telegonos: important for his role in the Telegonia, the last epic in the Trojan...
The Sirens: cf. Od. 12. 49 ff. and 165 ff., where there are only two; their nam...
cattle: owned by the Sun and not subject to a natural death, see Od. 12. 127 ff...
Latinos: not in Homer; in Theog. 1013 (part of a later addition to Hesiod’s tex...
for five years: in Od. 7. 259, seven years. ...
suitors: there is no catalogue of suitors in the Odyssey, although many are men...
he wrestled with him: in Od. 18. 88 ff., a boxing match, settled by Odysseus wi...
the land of the Thesprotians: in Epirus, in north-western Greece. ...
propitiated Poseidon: for killing his son, the Cyclops Polyphemos, p. 165. ...
Teiresias. . . in his prophecy: see Od. 11. 119 ff.; Teiresias told him to trav...
Ithaca, he plundered. . . cattle: not realizing that he was in his father’s kingdom; a...
from a stingray: added by Bucheler after kentron, translated as needle; this we...
Telegonos. . . married Penelope: the Telegoniaconcluded with a double marriage ...
seduced by Antinoos: the leader of the suitors in the Odyssey(where Penelope is...
gave birth to Pan, as a son of Hermes: see P. 8. 12. 6 for the local Mantineian tradit...
Amphinomos: in the Odyssey(16. 397 f.) he is cleverer and more gentlemanly than...
as his judge Neoptolemos: cf. Plut. Greek Questions14 (where Odysseus departs t...
Thoas: leader of the Aetolians in the Trojan War, p. 148, see Il. 2. 638 ff, an...
THE TWELVE GODS FROM the classical period onwards it was commonl...
REFERENCES TO ANIMALS AND TRANSFORMATIONS Asses, companio...
INDEX OF NAMES Content ...
A SELECTION OF OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS Classical Li...
MORE ABOUT OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS ...
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