"It's good that you can relax so easily."

"It's not important that you sink all the way down in your chair."

C. Limits of the Speaker's Model

This chunk of the Meta–Model is the least significant chunk as a part of the Milton–Model. Its two categories can be used to limit the listener's model in ways that produce trance as well as other outcomes.

1) Universal Quantifiers. Words such as all, every, always, never, nobody, etc., are universal quantifiers. These words usually indicate overgeneralization.

"And now you can go all the way into a trance."

"Every thought that you have can assist you in going deeper into a

trance."

2) Modal Operators. Modal operators are words such as should, must, have to, can't, won't, etc., that indicate lack of choice.

"Have you noticed that you can't open your eyes?"

II. Additional Milton–Model Patterns

In addition to the inverse Meta–Model patterns, the Milton–Model includes a number of other important language patterns. The most important of these is the use of presuppositions.

A. Presuppositions

The way to determine what is presupposed and not open to question in a sentence is to negate the sentence and find out what is still true. The simplest kind of presupposition is existence. In the sentence "Jack ate the food" it is presupposed that "Jack" and "food" exist. If you negate the sentence and say "No, Jack didn't eat the food" the fact that Jack and the food exist is still not questioned.

Presuppositions are the most powerful of the language patterns, when used by a communicator who presupposes what she doesn't want to have questioned. A general principle is to give the person lots of

want.

Examples of specific kinds of presuppositions that are particularly useful in hypnotic work follow. There is a complete list of presupposi–tional forms in the appendix to Patterns I.

1) Subordinate Clauses of Time. Such clauses begin with words

such as before, after, during, as, since, prior, when, while, etc.

"Do you want to sit down while you go into trance?" This directs the listener's attention to the question of sitting down or not, and presupposes that she will go into trance.

'I'd like to discuss something with you before you complete this project." This presupposes that you will complete this project.

2) Ordinal Numerals. Words such as another, first, second, third, etc. indicate order.

"You may wonder which side of your body will begin to relax first." This presupposes that both sides of your body will relax; the only question is which will be first.

3) Use of "Or." The word "or" can be used to presuppose that at least one of several alternatives will take place.

"I don't know if your right or your left hand will lift with unconscious movement." This presupposes that one of your hands will rise; the only question is if 1 know which one it will be.

"Would you rather brush your teeth before or after you take a bath?" This presupposes that you will take a bath and brush your teeth; the only question is in what order.

4) Awareness Predicates. Words like know, aware, realize, notice, etc. can be used to presuppose the rest of the sentence. The only question is if the listener is aware of whatever point you are making.

"Do you realize that your unconscious mind has already begun to learn… ."

"Did you know that you have already been in a trance many times in your life?"

"Have you noticed the attractive effect this painting has on your living room?"

5) Adverbs and Adjectives: Such words can be used to presuppose a major clause in a sentence

"Are you curious about your developing trance state?" This presupposes that you are developing a trance state; the only question is if you are curious about it or not.

"Are you deeply in a trance?" This presupposes that you are in a trance; the only question is if you are in deeply or not.

"How easily can you begin to relax?" This presupposes that you can relax; the only question is how easy it will be.

6) Change of Time verbs and Adverbs: Begin, end, stop, start, con

tinue, proceed, already, yet, still, anymore, etc.

"You can continue to relax." This presupposes that you are already relaxing.

"Are you still interested in hypnosis?" This presupposes that you were interested in hypnosis in the past.

7) Commentary Adjectives and Adverbs: Fortunately, luckily, innocently, happily, necessarily, etc.

"Fortunately, there's no need for me to know the details of what you want in order for me to help you get it." This presupposes everything after the first word.

Stacking many kinds of presuppositions in the same sentence makes them particularly powerful. The more that is presupposed, the more difficult it is for the listener to unravel the sentence and question any one presupposition. Some of the presupposition sentences listed above contain several kinds of presuppositions, and those sentences will be more powerful. The following sentence is an example of the use of many presuppositions stacked together.

"And I don't know how soon you'll realize the learnings your unconscious has already made, because it's not important that you know before you've comfortably continued the process of relaxation and allowed the other you to learn something else of use and delight to you."

B. Indirect Elicitation Patterns

The next group of Milton–Model patterns are particularly useful in getting specific responses indirectly, without overtly asking for them.

1) Embedded Commands. Rather than giving instructions directly, the hypnotist can embed directives within a larger sentence structure.

" You can begin to relax." "I don't know how soon you'll feel better."

When you embed directives within a larger sentence, you can deliver them more smoothly and gracefully, and the listener will not consciously realize that directives have been given. The above messages are likely to have a much more graceful impact than if you were to give the directives alone: "Relax." "Feel better."

2) Analoge Marking. Embedded Commands are particularly powerful when used with analogue marking. Analogue marking means that you set the directive apart from the rest of the sentence with some nonverbal analogue behavior. You could do this by raising the volume of your voice when delivering the directive, by pausing before and after the directive, by changing your voice tone, by gesturing with one of your hands, or by raising your eyebrows. You can use any behavior that is perceptible to the other person to mark out a directive for special attention. The other person does not need to notice your marking consciously; in fact she will often respond more fully when your marking is perceived but not consciously recognized.

3) Embedded Questions. Questions, like commands, can be embedded within a larger sentence structure.

"I'm curious to know what you would like to gain from hypnosis." "I'm wondering what you would prefer to drink." Typically people will respond to the embedded question in the first example, "What would you like to gain from hypnosis?" without realizing that the question was not asked directly. The listener doesn't refuse to answer the question, because it is embedded within a statement about the speaker's curiosity. This provides a very gentle and graceful way to gather information.

4) Negative Commands. When a command is given in its negative form, the positive instruction is generally what is responded to. For example, if someone says ""Don t think of pink polka dots" you have to think of pink polka dots to understand the sentence. Negation does not exist in primary experience of sights, sounds, and feelings; Negation exists only in secondary experiences: symbolic representations such as language and mathematics.